36
S. F. Ali and D. Rakshit
Notations
A Du Dubois area (m
2 )
C res Heat exchange by convection in breathing (W/m
2 )
E c
Heat exchange by evaporation on skin (W/m
2 )
E res Evaporative heat exchange in breathing (W/m
2 )
f cl
Clothing surface area factor
H
Sensitive Heat Losses (W/m
2 )
Ht. Height of a person (cm)
h c
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient (W/m
2 K)
I cl
Clothing insulation (m
2 K/W)
L
Thermal load on the body of an occupant (W/m
2 )
M
Metabolic Rate (W/m
2 )
PMV Predicted Mean Vote
PPD Percentage People Dissatisfied
p a
Water Vapor Partial Pressure (kPa)
p s
Partial Vapor Pressure of Saturated Air (kPa)
RH
Relative Humidity
t a
Air Temperature (°C)
t cl
Surface temperature of clothing (°C)
t g
Globe temperature (°C)
t r
Mean Radiant Temperature (°C)
t sk
External skin temperature (°C)
t W
Wet Bulb temperature (°C)
v a
Velocity of air (m/s)
v ar
Relative velocity of air (m/s)
W
Effective Mechanical Power (W/m
2 )
W t. Weight of a person (kg)
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Energy Conservation in Buildings
Buildings are necessary to provide shelter to the occupants, to provide a safe environment and for carrying out various activities inside a space. Thus, growth in building
sector is at an all-time rise as a result of the increase in population. National Statistical Organization reported that currently, buildings stand at consuming approximately
40% of the total electricity and one of the major factors in consumption of electricity
is maintaining comfort of the occupants, be it thermal or visual (02 Energy and Buildings 2014). Generation of electricity still relies on non-renewable energy sources and
hence, to cater to the increasing demand, resource depletion would take place along
S. F. Ali and D. Rakshit
Notations
A Du Dubois area (m
2 )
C res Heat exchange by convection in breathing (W/m
2 )
E c
Heat exchange by evaporation on skin (W/m
2 )
E res Evaporative heat exchange in breathing (W/m
2 )
f cl
Clothing surface area factor
H
Sensitive Heat Losses (W/m
2 )
Ht. Height of a person (cm)
h c
Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient (W/m
2 K)
I cl
Clothing insulation (m
2 K/W)
L
Thermal load on the body of an occupant (W/m
2 )
M
Metabolic Rate (W/m
2 )
PMV Predicted Mean Vote
PPD Percentage People Dissatisfied
p a
Water Vapor Partial Pressure (kPa)
p s
Partial Vapor Pressure of Saturated Air (kPa)
RH
Relative Humidity
t a
Air Temperature (°C)
t cl
Surface temperature of clothing (°C)
t g
Globe temperature (°C)
t r
Mean Radiant Temperature (°C)
t sk
External skin temperature (°C)
t W
Wet Bulb temperature (°C)
v a
Velocity of air (m/s)
v ar
Relative velocity of air (m/s)
W
Effective Mechanical Power (W/m
2 )
W t. Weight of a person (kg)
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Energy Conservation in Buildings
Buildings are necessary to provide shelter to the occupants, to provide a safe environment and for carrying out various activities inside a space. Thus, growth in building
sector is at an all-time rise as a result of the increase in population. National Statistical Organization reported that currently, buildings stand at consuming approximately
40% of the total electricity and one of the major factors in consumption of electricity
is maintaining comfort of the occupants, be it thermal or visual (02 Energy and Buildings 2014). Generation of electricity still relies on non-renewable energy sources and
hence, to cater to the increasing demand, resource depletion would take place along