3 Installations of Solar Systems in Remote Areas …
33
be by adopting grid expansion, distributed smaller power capacity units, micro-grid
projects and solar home systems. Therefore, serious attention may needs to be focused
to give more and more renewable energy solutions, specifically to tackle power
supply, power security and local (in-house) as well as global climatic concerns. Every
household should have access to lower cost/affordable electricity. Such conditions
may definitely progress living standards, economic increase, development of human
as a whole, mitigate gender-inequality, pick up an initial age education standards,
protect the atmosphere and circumvent the negative health consequences of indoor
flames/fires (Zubi et al. 2019).
A Solar Photovoltaic-biomass-biogas hybrid system as presented by Ganthia et al.
(2018) has been proved to be an easy solution for meeting daily electricity needs
of remotely located societies. Its advantages are: (i) lesser maintenance cost, (ii)
emission-less, (iii) no requirement of conventional fuels, (iv) easy installation and
(v) easy operation. The disadvantage of Solar PV water pumping system reported is
having higher Initial cost. In addition to all above-discussed systems, windmill based
water pumping system can also be employed for irrigation purposes. Its advantages
comprise; no emission, no requirement of conventional fuels and longer working
life. Its disadvantages are; higher initial/maintenance cost and limited availability of
market for sales and service. This energy is wind speed dependent (Rathore et al.
2018).
The unavailability of market and skilled manpower for sales, supplies and maintenance of these solar energy systems at such remotely located areas is a big challenge
in a path of making local communities aware of using renewable energy technologies
for fulfilling their daily energy needs.
The challenges/problems faced in remote locations comprise: variation of solar
radiation topography, wind speed (lesser wind speeds means no possibility of wind
propelled turbines in order to assist solar based power generation), rainfall (cloudy
weather hinders solar irradiation), community spirit, unorganized administrative
structure, lack of respect for nature, self-help ethos, sparsely distributed houses
(increases the cost of cabling etc.), lack of renewable energy infrastructure (It incurs
extra high initial cost), Human capital (lack of skilled workers for initial installation
and post installation routine maintenances), small market size, no funding sources,
scarce income opportunities (Njoh et al. 2019).
The adaption to the solar energy by remotely located homes depends on socialeconomic, demographic and approach of the government towards rural, remotely
located electrification. Solar home systems have assisted socio-economic activities
and have improved the living standards of rural localities especially house women. It
also has reduced the house pollution which used to occur due to use of Kerosene and
other conventional fuels. This technology adaptation is constrained by unavailability
of skilled personnel (Mishra et al. 2016).
Acknowledgements This chapter work is motivated by the research project, entitled ‘Solar Thermal Collection Efficiency Improvement using Multistaging of Parabolic Dish Collector’, by State
Council for Science, Technology & Environment, Shimla, H.P. INDIA (Grant No. SCST&E
(R&D)/2017–18).
33
be by adopting grid expansion, distributed smaller power capacity units, micro-grid
projects and solar home systems. Therefore, serious attention may needs to be focused
to give more and more renewable energy solutions, specifically to tackle power
supply, power security and local (in-house) as well as global climatic concerns. Every
household should have access to lower cost/affordable electricity. Such conditions
may definitely progress living standards, economic increase, development of human
as a whole, mitigate gender-inequality, pick up an initial age education standards,
protect the atmosphere and circumvent the negative health consequences of indoor
flames/fires (Zubi et al. 2019).
A Solar Photovoltaic-biomass-biogas hybrid system as presented by Ganthia et al.
(2018) has been proved to be an easy solution for meeting daily electricity needs
of remotely located societies. Its advantages are: (i) lesser maintenance cost, (ii)
emission-less, (iii) no requirement of conventional fuels, (iv) easy installation and
(v) easy operation. The disadvantage of Solar PV water pumping system reported is
having higher Initial cost. In addition to all above-discussed systems, windmill based
water pumping system can also be employed for irrigation purposes. Its advantages
comprise; no emission, no requirement of conventional fuels and longer working
life. Its disadvantages are; higher initial/maintenance cost and limited availability of
market for sales and service. This energy is wind speed dependent (Rathore et al.
2018).
The unavailability of market and skilled manpower for sales, supplies and maintenance of these solar energy systems at such remotely located areas is a big challenge
in a path of making local communities aware of using renewable energy technologies
for fulfilling their daily energy needs.
The challenges/problems faced in remote locations comprise: variation of solar
radiation topography, wind speed (lesser wind speeds means no possibility of wind
propelled turbines in order to assist solar based power generation), rainfall (cloudy
weather hinders solar irradiation), community spirit, unorganized administrative
structure, lack of respect for nature, self-help ethos, sparsely distributed houses
(increases the cost of cabling etc.), lack of renewable energy infrastructure (It incurs
extra high initial cost), Human capital (lack of skilled workers for initial installation
and post installation routine maintenances), small market size, no funding sources,
scarce income opportunities (Njoh et al. 2019).
The adaption to the solar energy by remotely located homes depends on socialeconomic, demographic and approach of the government towards rural, remotely
located electrification. Solar home systems have assisted socio-economic activities
and have improved the living standards of rural localities especially house women. It
also has reduced the house pollution which used to occur due to use of Kerosene and
other conventional fuels. This technology adaptation is constrained by unavailability
of skilled personnel (Mishra et al. 2016).
Acknowledgements This chapter work is motivated by the research project, entitled ‘Solar Thermal Collection Efficiency Improvement using Multistaging of Parabolic Dish Collector’, by State
Council for Science, Technology & Environment, Shimla, H.P. INDIA (Grant No. SCST&E
(R&D)/2017–18).