13 Review on PCM Application for Cooling Load Reduction …
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13.4.4 Encapsulation
It is the process of encapsulating the PCM before being incorporated in the buildings.
It is of two types: micro-encapsulation and macro-encapsulation and have been dealt
in detail by many researchers. Different researches are being carried out to find out
materials that are suitable for the sheath and also the size and shape to provide a
proper transfer surface and area (Su et al. 2015; Konuklu et al. 2015; Khadiran et al.
2015). Navarro et al. has provided with a number of examples of micro and macroencapsulated PCM test constructions in Spain, Paris and other parts of the world. For
Indian conditions PCMs within sheet metal casing have been tested experimentally
within bricks (Saxena et al. 2019). Cylindrical encapsulations are assumed by Kant
et al. (2017) for simulating PCM incorporated bricks for Rae Bareilly, India.
13.4.5 Shape and Form Stabilized Composites
These basically aim at mixing supporting materials like HDPE by melting it along
with the PCMs at higher temperature thereby creating composites on cooling and
could be used in the construction material and avoid leakage of the PCM on melting
(Navarro et al. 2016). These PCMs however, are still at the research stage and their
long-term impact, cost and compatibility are to be studied in detail before implementation for building applications.
13.5 Assessment of PCM Incorporation within Buildings
To assess the impact of PCM incorporated buildings first it is necessary to assess
the heat flow to non-conditioned room. This is followed by assessing the impact of
PCM incorporation within buildings. Kaushik et al. (1981) carried out the thermal
modelling of PCM incorporated room by assuming the solar influx with constant
ambient air temperature. Jan Kosny et al. (2012) have implemented PCM over roof
in East Tennessee and reported 30% reduction in heating load and 50% reduction
in cooling load. Similar findings were observed by Sleiti and Naimester (2016) for
USA and Entrop et al. (2016) for Netherlands, with stabilized inside temperature
with reduction in heating loads. For India, it may be noted that the conditions are just
the opposite of western countries, where outside temperature is higher and cooling
is required to maintain comfortable temperature inside a building.
Heat flow to the control volume adds to the cooling load requirement for space
conditioning. Thus, the heat, which is stored acts as waste heat. PCM incorporation
results in overall increase in the thermal mass of the building as it absorbs latent
heat by undergoing phase change, thus reducing the need of heavy construction.
Biplab and Rakshit (2017) compared insulations and PCMs for different climatic
259
13.4.4 Encapsulation
It is the process of encapsulating the PCM before being incorporated in the buildings.
It is of two types: micro-encapsulation and macro-encapsulation and have been dealt
in detail by many researchers. Different researches are being carried out to find out
materials that are suitable for the sheath and also the size and shape to provide a
proper transfer surface and area (Su et al. 2015; Konuklu et al. 2015; Khadiran et al.
2015). Navarro et al. has provided with a number of examples of micro and macroencapsulated PCM test constructions in Spain, Paris and other parts of the world. For
Indian conditions PCMs within sheet metal casing have been tested experimentally
within bricks (Saxena et al. 2019). Cylindrical encapsulations are assumed by Kant
et al. (2017) for simulating PCM incorporated bricks for Rae Bareilly, India.
13.4.5 Shape and Form Stabilized Composites
These basically aim at mixing supporting materials like HDPE by melting it along
with the PCMs at higher temperature thereby creating composites on cooling and
could be used in the construction material and avoid leakage of the PCM on melting
(Navarro et al. 2016). These PCMs however, are still at the research stage and their
long-term impact, cost and compatibility are to be studied in detail before implementation for building applications.
13.5 Assessment of PCM Incorporation within Buildings
To assess the impact of PCM incorporated buildings first it is necessary to assess
the heat flow to non-conditioned room. This is followed by assessing the impact of
PCM incorporation within buildings. Kaushik et al. (1981) carried out the thermal
modelling of PCM incorporated room by assuming the solar influx with constant
ambient air temperature. Jan Kosny et al. (2012) have implemented PCM over roof
in East Tennessee and reported 30% reduction in heating load and 50% reduction
in cooling load. Similar findings were observed by Sleiti and Naimester (2016) for
USA and Entrop et al. (2016) for Netherlands, with stabilized inside temperature
with reduction in heating loads. For India, it may be noted that the conditions are just
the opposite of western countries, where outside temperature is higher and cooling
is required to maintain comfortable temperature inside a building.
Heat flow to the control volume adds to the cooling load requirement for space
conditioning. Thus, the heat, which is stored acts as waste heat. PCM incorporation
results in overall increase in the thermal mass of the building as it absorbs latent
heat by undergoing phase change, thus reducing the need of heavy construction.
Biplab and Rakshit (2017) compared insulations and PCMs for different climatic