TE 2015–16 compared to 4.81 and 16.64% in the middle and high per capita
income states.
2 States spend substantially on flood control which is visible from its
high proportion in total irrigation expenditure at 62.8%. This may have also cut
Table 4 Capital intensity of public expenditure in agriculture and irrigation (share of capital
expenditure in total expenditure)
States
Agriculture and allied activities Irrigation (excluding flood
control)
TE
TE
TE
TE
TE
TE
1983–84 2003–04 2015–16 1983–84 2003–04 2015–16
Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana
1.61
2.18
1.0.1 56.71
43.71
62.69
Assam
5.73
0.15
0.7
83.14
55.74
63.21
Bihar
6.8
1.48
10.93
74.94
49.17
54.62
Gujarat
24.42
13.2
17.24
52.94
43.62
88.34
Haryana
2.94
−2131.22 −78.17
52.09
35.43
36.21
Himachal Pradesh
8.61
3.79
2.78
60.02
40.98
31.04
Jammu and Kashmir
6.4
15.59
26.49
63.21
27.62
37.39
Karnataka
2.88
1.7
2.04
56.83
90.3
87.82
Kerala
11.18
5.52
8.12
73.67
49.07
35.32
Madhya Pradesh
6.46
2.98
2.16
80.13
77.16
86.41
Maharashtra
3.44
12.56
22.99
62.64
63.75
74.09
Odisha
11.57
8.72
10.43
86.34
73.12
64.83
Punjab
−9.51
472.13
3.15
57.97
41.56
25.03
Rajasthan
7.95
4.73
10.44
56.57
39.76
40.84
Tamil Nadu
12.62
7.93
10.56
38.96
36.63
40.83
Uttar Pradesh
−8.41
28.37
20.32
51.65
33.13
40.42
West Bengal
9.97
2.39
20.52
27.98
20
38.94
Chhattisgarh
–
3.16
1.07
–
72.11
78.41
Jharkhand
–
0.08
5.55
–
84.57
62.8
Uttarakhand
–
0.65
17.98
–
21.77
54.18
Bihar and Jharkhand
6.8
0.75
9.6
74.94
60.51
58.26
Madhya Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh
6.46
2.96
1.62
80.13
75.69
84.33
Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand
−8.41
24.25
20.28
51.65
32.39
41.58
All 20 states
6.26
7.21
8.8
61.09
54.12
65.38
Note Public investment in irrigation excludes flood control
Source Based on Finance Accounts, GoI
2
Based on average per capita income from 2000–01 to 2013–14, the low-income states are Bihar,
Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, and Madhya Pradesh. The medium-income states are
Odisha, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. The high-income states are
Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, Haryana, and Maharashtra.
54
S. Bathla et al.
income states.
2 States spend substantially on flood control which is visible from its
high proportion in total irrigation expenditure at 62.8%. This may have also cut
Table 4 Capital intensity of public expenditure in agriculture and irrigation (share of capital
expenditure in total expenditure)
States
Agriculture and allied activities Irrigation (excluding flood
control)
TE
TE
TE
TE
TE
TE
1983–84 2003–04 2015–16 1983–84 2003–04 2015–16
Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana
1.61
2.18
1.0.1 56.71
43.71
62.69
Assam
5.73
0.15
0.7
83.14
55.74
63.21
Bihar
6.8
1.48
10.93
74.94
49.17
54.62
Gujarat
24.42
13.2
17.24
52.94
43.62
88.34
Haryana
2.94
−2131.22 −78.17
52.09
35.43
36.21
Himachal Pradesh
8.61
3.79
2.78
60.02
40.98
31.04
Jammu and Kashmir
6.4
15.59
26.49
63.21
27.62
37.39
Karnataka
2.88
1.7
2.04
56.83
90.3
87.82
Kerala
11.18
5.52
8.12
73.67
49.07
35.32
Madhya Pradesh
6.46
2.98
2.16
80.13
77.16
86.41
Maharashtra
3.44
12.56
22.99
62.64
63.75
74.09
Odisha
11.57
8.72
10.43
86.34
73.12
64.83
Punjab
−9.51
472.13
3.15
57.97
41.56
25.03
Rajasthan
7.95
4.73
10.44
56.57
39.76
40.84
Tamil Nadu
12.62
7.93
10.56
38.96
36.63
40.83
Uttar Pradesh
−8.41
28.37
20.32
51.65
33.13
40.42
West Bengal
9.97
2.39
20.52
27.98
20
38.94
Chhattisgarh
–
3.16
1.07
–
72.11
78.41
Jharkhand
–
0.08
5.55
–
84.57
62.8
Uttarakhand
–
0.65
17.98
–
21.77
54.18
Bihar and Jharkhand
6.8
0.75
9.6
74.94
60.51
58.26
Madhya Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh
6.46
2.96
1.62
80.13
75.69
84.33
Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand
−8.41
24.25
20.28
51.65
32.39
41.58
All 20 states
6.26
7.21
8.8
61.09
54.12
65.38
Note Public investment in irrigation excludes flood control
Source Based on Finance Accounts, GoI
2
Based on average per capita income from 2000–01 to 2013–14, the low-income states are Bihar,
Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir, and Madhya Pradesh. The medium-income states are
Odisha, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka. The high-income states are
Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Gujarat, Haryana, and Maharashtra.
54
S. Bathla et al.