Water Cess (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1977, provides economic
incentive to control pollution.
32 This act is a funding tool that provides powers to
Pollution Control Boards to charge for water consumption in the industries. The
cess being charged is used for the activities of the Pollution Control Board.
33
The Environment Protection Act (1986) is umbrella legislation focusing on
protection and improvement of the environment. This legislation extends to monitoring of water quality and controlling water pollution. Section 24(2) of this act
allows the operation of Water Act, 1974.
34
13.1 Central Water Commission
The Central Water Commission (CWC) is monitoring the water quality of rivers
since late 1950 at 552 key locations covering all the major river basins of India.
CWC maintains a three-tier laboratory system for analysis of the parameters
35 :
• Level I laboratories are located at 295 field water quality monitoring stations on
major rivers of India where physical parameters such as temperature, color, odor
electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH and dissolved oxygen of river
water are monitored.
• Level II laboratories located at 18 selected division offices to analyze 25
physicochemical characteristics and bacteriological parameters of river water.
• Level III laboratories, five in number, function at Varanasi, New Delhi,
Guwahati, Hyderabad and Coimbatore, where 41 parameters including heavy
metals/toxic parameters are analyzed.
13.2 Central Pollution Control Board
CPCB sets the standards for discharge of effluents, lays down ambient standards
and coordinates the activities of SPCBs. It is responsible for undertaking surveys
for monitoring of the polluted sites and for carrying out mitigation measures in
polluted places. The CPCB plays a key role in regulating water pollution due to
discharge of industrial effluents.
36
The CPCB has established a network of monitoring stations on aquatic resources
across the country. The network comprises 4022 stations in 28 states and six union
32
Puthucherril and Lekshmi (2004).
33
Maria (2003).
34
Puthucherril and Lekshmi (2004).
35
https://cwc.gov.in/water_quality.
36
Maria (2003).
92
I. Khurana and R. Sen
incentive to control pollution.
32 This act is a funding tool that provides powers to
Pollution Control Boards to charge for water consumption in the industries. The
cess being charged is used for the activities of the Pollution Control Board.
33
The Environment Protection Act (1986) is umbrella legislation focusing on
protection and improvement of the environment. This legislation extends to monitoring of water quality and controlling water pollution. Section 24(2) of this act
allows the operation of Water Act, 1974.
34
13.1 Central Water Commission
The Central Water Commission (CWC) is monitoring the water quality of rivers
since late 1950 at 552 key locations covering all the major river basins of India.
CWC maintains a three-tier laboratory system for analysis of the parameters
35 :
• Level I laboratories are located at 295 field water quality monitoring stations on
major rivers of India where physical parameters such as temperature, color, odor
electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH and dissolved oxygen of river
water are monitored.
• Level II laboratories located at 18 selected division offices to analyze 25
physicochemical characteristics and bacteriological parameters of river water.
• Level III laboratories, five in number, function at Varanasi, New Delhi,
Guwahati, Hyderabad and Coimbatore, where 41 parameters including heavy
metals/toxic parameters are analyzed.
13.2 Central Pollution Control Board
CPCB sets the standards for discharge of effluents, lays down ambient standards
and coordinates the activities of SPCBs. It is responsible for undertaking surveys
for monitoring of the polluted sites and for carrying out mitigation measures in
polluted places. The CPCB plays a key role in regulating water pollution due to
discharge of industrial effluents.
36
The CPCB has established a network of monitoring stations on aquatic resources
across the country. The network comprises 4022 stations in 28 states and six union
32
Puthucherril and Lekshmi (2004).
33
Maria (2003).
34
Puthucherril and Lekshmi (2004).
35
https://cwc.gov.in/water_quality.
36
Maria (2003).
92
I. Khurana and R. Sen