22.4.1 Identification and Definition
This first stage of the process relates to the identification of potential project ideas or
concepts that could harness the country’s resources to accomplish significant development goals. Apart from the leader’s inspiration, a number of sources give rise to
project ideas: when the present demand for services is unsatisfied, particular constraints need to be overcome, or present assets require other complementary other
investments. Such project ideas are first screened for feasibility: it is expected and
hoped that solutions (both technical and institutional) – costing much less than the
anticipated benefits – will be forthcoming and appropriate policies adopted.
This is usually effected by the Client.
22.4.2 Preparation and Formulation
After a project inspiration has been successfully screened for identification and
feasibility, further details need to be worked out allowing a definite decision whether
or not to attempt its implementation. In practice, this may also require progressive or
iterative enhancements of the potential project: design details in relation to its
various aspects – technical, financial, social, economic, institutional, etc., as this
stage continues.
For most projects, the preparation stage requires detailed surveys and studies to
be used for the technical design and the determination of cost estimates. These
activities take time, and designers and estimators must not be impatient, as some
patience shown during the thorough preparation of all the project aspects, will
significantly reduce the possibility of project failure and implementation issues.
The needs for the project will determine the design studies that need to be carried
out, the demand forecasts for the project services to be provided. During this stage, it
is likely that several design possibilities or technological alternatives are suitable,
and require assessment. A pre-feasibility study may be carried out to decide whether
any of these alternatives is worth any further investigation. This pre-feasibility study
should result in a shortlist of alternative possibilities of achieving the same goals
objectives and the associated cost-effectiveness.
In fact, this step will need a sufficiently detailed analysis of the various aspects of
the potential project or set of alternatives so that their feasibility can be assessed, and
ranked. Thus, decision makers will have enough information during the selection
process. The appraisal (and therefore its preparatory – feasibility report – analysis)
should include a technical analysis, a financial analysis, an economic analysis, a
social analysis, an institutional analysis, an environmental analysis, and an implementation analysis. These analyses form essential components of the appraisal
procedure and will require integration into the appraisal (feasibility) report.
This wide-ranging, holistic strategy aims to determine the overall dependability
of the project. This process may entail re-formulating the project to improve its
630
22 Infrastructure Implementation
This first stage of the process relates to the identification of potential project ideas or
concepts that could harness the country’s resources to accomplish significant development goals. Apart from the leader’s inspiration, a number of sources give rise to
project ideas: when the present demand for services is unsatisfied, particular constraints need to be overcome, or present assets require other complementary other
investments. Such project ideas are first screened for feasibility: it is expected and
hoped that solutions (both technical and institutional) – costing much less than the
anticipated benefits – will be forthcoming and appropriate policies adopted.
This is usually effected by the Client.
22.4.2 Preparation and Formulation
After a project inspiration has been successfully screened for identification and
feasibility, further details need to be worked out allowing a definite decision whether
or not to attempt its implementation. In practice, this may also require progressive or
iterative enhancements of the potential project: design details in relation to its
various aspects – technical, financial, social, economic, institutional, etc., as this
stage continues.
For most projects, the preparation stage requires detailed surveys and studies to
be used for the technical design and the determination of cost estimates. These
activities take time, and designers and estimators must not be impatient, as some
patience shown during the thorough preparation of all the project aspects, will
significantly reduce the possibility of project failure and implementation issues.
The needs for the project will determine the design studies that need to be carried
out, the demand forecasts for the project services to be provided. During this stage, it
is likely that several design possibilities or technological alternatives are suitable,
and require assessment. A pre-feasibility study may be carried out to decide whether
any of these alternatives is worth any further investigation. This pre-feasibility study
should result in a shortlist of alternative possibilities of achieving the same goals
objectives and the associated cost-effectiveness.
In fact, this step will need a sufficiently detailed analysis of the various aspects of
the potential project or set of alternatives so that their feasibility can be assessed, and
ranked. Thus, decision makers will have enough information during the selection
process. The appraisal (and therefore its preparatory – feasibility report – analysis)
should include a technical analysis, a financial analysis, an economic analysis, a
social analysis, an institutional analysis, an environmental analysis, and an implementation analysis. These analyses form essential components of the appraisal
procedure and will require integration into the appraisal (feasibility) report.
This wide-ranging, holistic strategy aims to determine the overall dependability
of the project. This process may entail re-formulating the project to improve its
630
22 Infrastructure Implementation