8. mental overwork during emergency situations
9. old, or misleading instrumentation
10. policies and procedures not enforced
11. poor labelling
12. poor plant layout
13. procedures which are out of date, incomplete, unsuitable or non-existent
14. sensor/control systems which are too-sensitive
15. situations susceptible to errors, typically with too many manual operations,
unsuitable interlocks, or incorrect use of exchangeable fittings
16. too many spurious trips, rendering protective instruments useless
17. unsuitable or insufficient feedback
18. workers lacking competence and/or knowledge
20.3 Infrastructure and its Maintenance Requirements
20.3.1 Maintenance
Maintenance has different dimensions:
(1) a cost to be minimized for accountants.
(2) preventive activities for maintenance engineers.
(3) corrective, or repairs after breakdown activities for mechanics.
(4) proactive or reactive work.
(5) predicted, planned, or unplanned activity to avoid plant breakdowns.
These descriptions, though valid, do not deal with maintenance in its role to
prevent event escalation and retaining the productive capacity to maximize business
profitability over its lifetime.
20.3.2 Types of Maintenance
The different types of maintenance that can be carried out are detailed in Table 20.1.
If failure during service has negligible consequences, repair works can be carried
out after failure has occurred. This is the strategy of on-failure or breakdown
maintenance.
However, most infrastructure failures may have unacceptable consequences,
which imply that this breakdown strategy cannot be applied. If the deterioration
can be measured, with the period of incipiency, it is possible to forecast the time of
failure. In such cases, the repairs can be scheduled to safeguard a minimum disruption of service. This strategy of on-condition maintenance, where a deteriorating
condition can be detected and rectified before a functional failure occurs, is particularly useful.
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20 Human Resources Management for Infrastructure
9. old, or misleading instrumentation
10. policies and procedures not enforced
11. poor labelling
12. poor plant layout
13. procedures which are out of date, incomplete, unsuitable or non-existent
14. sensor/control systems which are too-sensitive
15. situations susceptible to errors, typically with too many manual operations,
unsuitable interlocks, or incorrect use of exchangeable fittings
16. too many spurious trips, rendering protective instruments useless
17. unsuitable or insufficient feedback
18. workers lacking competence and/or knowledge
20.3 Infrastructure and its Maintenance Requirements
20.3.1 Maintenance
Maintenance has different dimensions:
(1) a cost to be minimized for accountants.
(2) preventive activities for maintenance engineers.
(3) corrective, or repairs after breakdown activities for mechanics.
(4) proactive or reactive work.
(5) predicted, planned, or unplanned activity to avoid plant breakdowns.
These descriptions, though valid, do not deal with maintenance in its role to
prevent event escalation and retaining the productive capacity to maximize business
profitability over its lifetime.
20.3.2 Types of Maintenance
The different types of maintenance that can be carried out are detailed in Table 20.1.
If failure during service has negligible consequences, repair works can be carried
out after failure has occurred. This is the strategy of on-failure or breakdown
maintenance.
However, most infrastructure failures may have unacceptable consequences,
which imply that this breakdown strategy cannot be applied. If the deterioration
can be measured, with the period of incipiency, it is possible to forecast the time of
failure. In such cases, the repairs can be scheduled to safeguard a minimum disruption of service. This strategy of on-condition maintenance, where a deteriorating
condition can be detected and rectified before a functional failure occurs, is particularly useful.
578
20 Human Resources Management for Infrastructure