also occurs with trawlers and to coral reefs by dynamite and cyanide fishing. Finally,
overfishing also affects fishermen, by ultimately eradicating the basis of their
employment and eliminating their income.
Happily, not only economists and environmentalists were worried, but also some
seafood industry leaders, who in 1997, founded with the World Wildlife Fund, the
Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). The main objectives were (1) to deliver
credible eco-labeling to customers, and (2) to help fishermen avoid their own
tragedies of the commons through a positive market appeal incentive instead of a
negative threatened boycott incentive.
The Marine Stewardship Council applies criteria that were developed in consultation among fishery scientists, environmental groups, fisheries managers, fishermen, seafood processors and retailers. The main criteria are the fishery should:
(1) preserve, for the unlimited future, its fish stock’s health (including the stock’s
sex and age distribution and genetic diversity)
(2) produce a sustainable yield
(3) uphold ecosystem integrity
(4) reduce impacts on marine habitats and on non-targeted species (the by-catch) to
a minimum
(5) follow rules and procedures for handling stocks and minimizing impacts, and
(6) observe prevailing laws.
Application for certification pertains to a fishery or a fish stock, and the fishing
method and practices, or gear employed to manage that stock. The organisations
which apply for certification include fishermen collectives, government fisheries
departments applying on behalf of a national or local fishery, and intermediary
processors and distributors. Applications also come from fisheries dealing not only
with fish, but also with molluscs and crustacea.
4.4 Important Considerations
4.4.1 There Is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch!
A business exists to distribute profits to its shareholders, rather than being a
non-profit making charity.
Furthermore, shareholders of public companies are entitled to the maximum
profits the company can generate legally. It would be a “breach of fiduciary
responsibility” if the company’s directors expressively manage the company
resulting in a reduction of profits. Thus, shareholders, in 1919, successfully sued
Henry Ford (of car model Ford T fame) for having raised the workers’ daily salary to
5 dollars, when the average going rate was 2.5 dollars.
The main costs of an investment will be:
120
4 Infrastructure Vision for Sustainable Development
overfishing also affects fishermen, by ultimately eradicating the basis of their
employment and eliminating their income.
Happily, not only economists and environmentalists were worried, but also some
seafood industry leaders, who in 1997, founded with the World Wildlife Fund, the
Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). The main objectives were (1) to deliver
credible eco-labeling to customers, and (2) to help fishermen avoid their own
tragedies of the commons through a positive market appeal incentive instead of a
negative threatened boycott incentive.
The Marine Stewardship Council applies criteria that were developed in consultation among fishery scientists, environmental groups, fisheries managers, fishermen, seafood processors and retailers. The main criteria are the fishery should:
(1) preserve, for the unlimited future, its fish stock’s health (including the stock’s
sex and age distribution and genetic diversity)
(2) produce a sustainable yield
(3) uphold ecosystem integrity
(4) reduce impacts on marine habitats and on non-targeted species (the by-catch) to
a minimum
(5) follow rules and procedures for handling stocks and minimizing impacts, and
(6) observe prevailing laws.
Application for certification pertains to a fishery or a fish stock, and the fishing
method and practices, or gear employed to manage that stock. The organisations
which apply for certification include fishermen collectives, government fisheries
departments applying on behalf of a national or local fishery, and intermediary
processors and distributors. Applications also come from fisheries dealing not only
with fish, but also with molluscs and crustacea.
4.4 Important Considerations
4.4.1 There Is No Such Thing as a Free Lunch!
A business exists to distribute profits to its shareholders, rather than being a
non-profit making charity.
Furthermore, shareholders of public companies are entitled to the maximum
profits the company can generate legally. It would be a “breach of fiduciary
responsibility” if the company’s directors expressively manage the company
resulting in a reduction of profits. Thus, shareholders, in 1919, successfully sued
Henry Ford (of car model Ford T fame) for having raised the workers’ daily salary to
5 dollars, when the average going rate was 2.5 dollars.
The main costs of an investment will be:
120
4 Infrastructure Vision for Sustainable Development