2 Solar Spectra
31
NOTE: If the spectral range is limited, the range is to be stated. If not, then
the irradiance is integrated over the total or almost total range of wavelengths.
Integrated irradiance is measured by a pyranometer (see Chap. 10).
(h) spectral irradiance: (Symbol: E l ) (Unit: W × m
−2
× nm
−1 ): irradiance per unit
wavelength
Irradiation:
(Symbol: H) (Unit: J × m
−2 )
irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(a) diffuse irradiation: diffuse irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(b) direct irradiation: direct irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(c) global irradiation: global irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(d) total irradiation: (Symbol: H T ): total irradiance integrated over a specified time
interval.
References
1. Standard Solar Constant and Zero Air Mass Solar Spectral Irradiance Tables, ASTM E490-00a.
West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; (2014)
2. Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral
irradiance data. Int. Electrotechm. Comm. IEC 60904-3: Edition 4.0-Part 3 (2019)
3. Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—design qualification and type approval—Part 1–3: special requirements for testing of thin-film amorphous silicon based photovoltaic (PV) modules.
Int. Electrotechm. Comm. IEC 61215-1-3 (2016)
4. D. Yogi Goswami, Solar Energy Resources, in Energy Conversion, ed. by D. Goswami, F.
Kreith (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192
5. N. Jenkins, J. Ekanayake, The Solar Energy Resource. Renewable Energy Engineering (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017), pp. 120–137. https://doi.org/10.1017/
9781139236256.005
6. D.L. King, J.A. Kratochvil, W.E. Boyson, Measuring Solar Spectral and Angle-of-Incidence
Effects on PV Modules and Solar Irradiance Sensors. 26th IEEE PV Specialists Conference,
pp. 1113–1116 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1997.654283
7. Data provided by Kristijan Brecl and Marko Topic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia in personal
communication (October 2019)
8. K. Mertens, Photovoltaics—Fundamentals, Technology and Practice (pp. 21–42), 1st Edn.
(Wiley Ltd., 2014)
9. J. Quill, G. Fedor, P. Brennan, E. Everett, Quantifying the Indoor Light Environment, Q-Lab
Corporation, (2007). https://www.q-lab.com/resources/technical-bulletins.aspx LX-5026—
Quantifying Indoor Light. Accessed 25 Nov 2019
10. S. Kim, M. Jahandar, J.H. Jeong, D.C. Lim, Recent Progress in Solar Cell Technology for
Low-Light Indoor Applications. Curr. Altern. Energy 3, 3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2174/
1570180816666190112141857
11. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. www.electropedia.org. Accessed on 25 Dec 2019
31
NOTE: If the spectral range is limited, the range is to be stated. If not, then
the irradiance is integrated over the total or almost total range of wavelengths.
Integrated irradiance is measured by a pyranometer (see Chap. 10).
(h) spectral irradiance: (Symbol: E l ) (Unit: W × m
−2
× nm
−1 ): irradiance per unit
wavelength
Irradiation:
(Symbol: H) (Unit: J × m
−2 )
irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(a) diffuse irradiation: diffuse irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(b) direct irradiation: direct irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(c) global irradiation: global irradiance integrated over a specified time interval
(d) total irradiation: (Symbol: H T ): total irradiance integrated over a specified time
interval.
References
1. Standard Solar Constant and Zero Air Mass Solar Spectral Irradiance Tables, ASTM E490-00a.
West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; (2014)
2. Measurement principles for terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) solar devices with reference spectral
irradiance data. Int. Electrotechm. Comm. IEC 60904-3: Edition 4.0-Part 3 (2019)
3. Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules—design qualification and type approval—Part 1–3: special requirements for testing of thin-film amorphous silicon based photovoltaic (PV) modules.
Int. Electrotechm. Comm. IEC 61215-1-3 (2016)
4. D. Yogi Goswami, Solar Energy Resources, in Energy Conversion, ed. by D. Goswami, F.
Kreith (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192
5. N. Jenkins, J. Ekanayake, The Solar Energy Resource. Renewable Energy Engineering (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017), pp. 120–137. https://doi.org/10.1017/
9781139236256.005
6. D.L. King, J.A. Kratochvil, W.E. Boyson, Measuring Solar Spectral and Angle-of-Incidence
Effects on PV Modules and Solar Irradiance Sensors. 26th IEEE PV Specialists Conference,
pp. 1113–1116 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.1997.654283
7. Data provided by Kristijan Brecl and Marko Topic, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia in personal
communication (October 2019)
8. K. Mertens, Photovoltaics—Fundamentals, Technology and Practice (pp. 21–42), 1st Edn.
(Wiley Ltd., 2014)
9. J. Quill, G. Fedor, P. Brennan, E. Everett, Quantifying the Indoor Light Environment, Q-Lab
Corporation, (2007). https://www.q-lab.com/resources/technical-bulletins.aspx LX-5026—
Quantifying Indoor Light. Accessed 25 Nov 2019
10. S. Kim, M. Jahandar, J.H. Jeong, D.C. Lim, Recent Progress in Solar Cell Technology for
Low-Light Indoor Applications. Curr. Altern. Energy 3, 3 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2174/
1570180816666190112141857
11. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. www.electropedia.org. Accessed on 25 Dec 2019