344
Index
Low-light behaviour, 153
Low light intensities, 65
Luminosity function, 28
Lux, 27
M
Manufacturing processes, 151
Market segments, 160
Maximum Power Point (MPP), 50
Maximum Power Tracking (MPT), 313
Measuring equipment for monitoring the
energy production, 279
Merten-Andreu-Shah (MAS) equivalent circuit, 54
Metallurgical silicon, 99
Microcracks, 184, 187, 269
Micrograph, 146
Micro-grids, 311
Micro-inverter, 235, 314
“Micromorph” tandem solar cell, 159
Midgap states, 144
Midlife failures, 267
Mie scattering, 20
Mobility gap, 144
Module orientation, 251
Module surface, 156
Momentum, 35, 76
Monocrystalline, 84
Mono-like multi-material, 107
Monolithic interconnection, 221
“Monolithic” interconnection scheme, 151
Monolithic 2-terminal, 10
Moonlight, 28
MPP-Tracker, 50
Multicrystalline, 85
Multi-junction, 261
Multiple multi-string PV inverter systems,
314
Multi-ribbon (or multi-wire) technology,
234
Multi-String inverter systems, 314
Multi-wire sawing, 9
N
Nanocrystal, 158
Necking step, 101
Net metering, 296
“Niche” applications, 153
Niche markets, 12
Nominal Module Operating Temperature
(NMOT), 239
Non-direct gap, 40
O
Off-grid, 285
Off-grid applications, 5
Off-grid system, 312, 321
Ohmic and optical losses, 120
Ohmic contact, 115
Ohmic losses, 265
One- or three-phase inverter, 314
Open-circuit voltage, 54
Operation and maintenance costs, 324
Optimum tilt, 252, 253
Orientations, 318
Outdoor use, 156
Overall energy conversion efficiency, 58
Oxygen, 144, 188
P
Parallel connection, 222
Parallel resistance, 52
Passivated contacts, 146
Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact
(PERC), 7
Passivation layers, 146
Peak power, 2
Performance ratio, 278
Performance standards, 242
Perovskite, 11
Phosphine (PH 3 ), 140
Phosphorous, 111
Photoactive region, 46, 69
Photo-generated current density J ph , 49
Photo-generation, 45
Photon, 35
Pico and micro PV, 297
P-i-n diodes, 45
P-i-n solar cells, 47
Pin-structure, 148
Plasma, 202
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PE-CVD), 140, 189
P-n diode, 44
P-n solar cells, 46
POE/TPO, 230
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), 227
Polyimide (PI) foils, 153
Polyisobutylene (PIB), 231
Polyolefin Elastomers (POE), 229
Polyolefin (PO), 228
Polysilicon, 6
Polyvinil Butyral (PVB), 229, 230
Polyvinyl-Fluoride (PVF), 227
Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVFD), 227
Index
Low-light behaviour, 153
Low light intensities, 65
Luminosity function, 28
Lux, 27
M
Manufacturing processes, 151
Market segments, 160
Maximum Power Point (MPP), 50
Maximum Power Tracking (MPT), 313
Measuring equipment for monitoring the
energy production, 279
Merten-Andreu-Shah (MAS) equivalent circuit, 54
Metallurgical silicon, 99
Microcracks, 184, 187, 269
Micrograph, 146
Micro-grids, 311
Micro-inverter, 235, 314
“Micromorph” tandem solar cell, 159
Midgap states, 144
Midlife failures, 267
Mie scattering, 20
Mobility gap, 144
Module orientation, 251
Module surface, 156
Momentum, 35, 76
Monocrystalline, 84
Mono-like multi-material, 107
Monolithic interconnection, 221
“Monolithic” interconnection scheme, 151
Monolithic 2-terminal, 10
Moonlight, 28
MPP-Tracker, 50
Multicrystalline, 85
Multi-junction, 261
Multiple multi-string PV inverter systems,
314
Multi-ribbon (or multi-wire) technology,
234
Multi-String inverter systems, 314
Multi-wire sawing, 9
N
Nanocrystal, 158
Necking step, 101
Net metering, 296
“Niche” applications, 153
Niche markets, 12
Nominal Module Operating Temperature
(NMOT), 239
Non-direct gap, 40
O
Off-grid, 285
Off-grid applications, 5
Off-grid system, 312, 321
Ohmic and optical losses, 120
Ohmic contact, 115
Ohmic losses, 265
One- or three-phase inverter, 314
Open-circuit voltage, 54
Operation and maintenance costs, 324
Optimum tilt, 252, 253
Orientations, 318
Outdoor use, 156
Overall energy conversion efficiency, 58
Oxygen, 144, 188
P
Parallel connection, 222
Parallel resistance, 52
Passivated contacts, 146
Passivated Emitter and Rear Contact
(PERC), 7
Passivation layers, 146
Peak power, 2
Performance ratio, 278
Performance standards, 242
Perovskite, 11
Phosphine (PH 3 ), 140
Phosphorous, 111
Photoactive region, 46, 69
Photo-generated current density J ph , 49
Photo-generation, 45
Photon, 35
Pico and micro PV, 297
P-i-n diodes, 45
P-i-n solar cells, 47
Pin-structure, 148
Plasma, 202
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PE-CVD), 140, 189
P-n diode, 44
P-n solar cells, 46
POE/TPO, 230
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), 227
Polyimide (PI) foils, 153
Polyisobutylene (PIB), 231
Polyolefin Elastomers (POE), 229
Polyolefin (PO), 228
Polysilicon, 6
Polyvinil Butyral (PVB), 229, 230
Polyvinyl-Fluoride (PVF), 227
Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVFD), 227