252
M. Pravettoni
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 10.1 a Orientation of a PV module, defined by the module tilt or slope β, the azimuth ϕ and
the angle of incidence θ(t), a function of time, as it varies with the position of the Sun. Two special
cases: b β = 0 ◦ , i.e. module lying horizontally on the ground; c β = 90 ◦ , i.e. module installed
vertically
Fig. 10.2 Optimum tilt for PV modules during the equinoxes (i.e. when the axis of rotation of the
Earth is perpendicular to the sun rays) at the Equator (latitude: 0 ◦ ) and at the Arctic Circle (latitude:
~66° North)
M. Pravettoni
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 10.1 a Orientation of a PV module, defined by the module tilt or slope β, the azimuth ϕ and
the angle of incidence θ(t), a function of time, as it varies with the position of the Sun. Two special
cases: b β = 0 ◦ , i.e. module lying horizontally on the ground; c β = 90 ◦ , i.e. module installed
vertically
Fig. 10.2 Optimum tilt for PV modules during the equinoxes (i.e. when the axis of rotation of the
Earth is perpendicular to the sun rays) at the Equator (latitude: 0 ◦ ) and at the Arctic Circle (latitude:
~66° North)