The following designations are introduced in Table 2.4: QR—the quartz resonator, DCR—the disk dielectric resonator from ceramic alloys, DDRLS—the disk
dielectric resonator from the leuco-sapphire, SDDR—the disk dielectric stabilized
resonator, FSS—the femtosecond synthesizer on the base of the highly stabilized
laser and the frequency divider, RF FODL—the fiber-optical delay line, DOptR—
the disc optical resonator, FOS—the fiber-optical system, BraggR—the optical
Bragg resonator, Fabry–Perot—the optical resonator Fabry–Perot, PhCr—photon
crystals, h—the Planck constant, k—the Boltzmann constant, T B ¼ T
0
FO —temperature in Kelvin, D Y —the amplification factor, Q e —the Q-factor of the electronic filter
in OEO, P e —the power of the OEO oscillator, F—the frequency offset from the
carrier, ν 0 —the optical frequency of the laser (or OQG) generation, hν—an energy
of the one quantum, D 0Y —The optical amplification factor of the laser optical
amplifier, P OL —the laser optical power, Q O —the Q-factor of the optical resonator.
The analysis result of various oscillating circuits and their characteristics is the
information presented in Table 2.4, in which we compare of oscillation formation
methods in RF and optical ranges. From Table 2.4 we see that OEO is the modem
oscillator with self-heterodyne mixing by its characteristics, in which we may use
(together with traditional electronic oscillators) both filters, delay lines and optical
delay lines and resonators. Phase noise levels and PSD of the phase noise in this
OEO oscillating system is defined by spontaneous emission, “electronic” noises of
the photodetector and the electronic amplifier.
We note that for traditional oscillators and optical quantum generators, the basing
fundamental relationships for coupling of the natural line width and PSD of the
phase noise with the main characteristics of the oscillating systems are already
determined in many publications [20–24, 63, 64, 70, 80–83]. For OEO with RF
FODL, which is the result of synthesis of two oscillating processes, lying in the
optical and RF ranges (or two oscillators), these relationships are defined in publications of authors and described in Chaps. 3–7 on this book. This is exactly one of
the tasks of further analysis OEO with RF FODL.
2.10 Conclusions
Here we briefly list the main results of this chapter.
1. OEO represents the double-range oscillating system, in which oscillations in
optical and RF ranges are developed. Methods of direct and external modulation
of the laser narrowband emission of QWLD (with additional suppression of
optical harmonics), which are examined in this book, basically, use the phase
(amplitude or frequency) optical modulation of the carrier. The photodetection
process with extraction in the photocurrent of a subcarrier with phase noises in
these OEO systems is the process of the heterodyne mixing or the self-heterodyne
mixing. One of the problem solved in this book, is the issue that the laser noise
affects the OEO RF noise.
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2 Nanostructural Optoelectronic Oscillators with the Fiber-Optical Delay Line
dielectric resonator from the leuco-sapphire, SDDR—the disk dielectric stabilized
resonator, FSS—the femtosecond synthesizer on the base of the highly stabilized
laser and the frequency divider, RF FODL—the fiber-optical delay line, DOptR—
the disc optical resonator, FOS—the fiber-optical system, BraggR—the optical
Bragg resonator, Fabry–Perot—the optical resonator Fabry–Perot, PhCr—photon
crystals, h—the Planck constant, k—the Boltzmann constant, T B ¼ T
0
FO —temperature in Kelvin, D Y —the amplification factor, Q e —the Q-factor of the electronic filter
in OEO, P e —the power of the OEO oscillator, F—the frequency offset from the
carrier, ν 0 —the optical frequency of the laser (or OQG) generation, hν—an energy
of the one quantum, D 0Y —The optical amplification factor of the laser optical
amplifier, P OL —the laser optical power, Q O —the Q-factor of the optical resonator.
The analysis result of various oscillating circuits and their characteristics is the
information presented in Table 2.4, in which we compare of oscillation formation
methods in RF and optical ranges. From Table 2.4 we see that OEO is the modem
oscillator with self-heterodyne mixing by its characteristics, in which we may use
(together with traditional electronic oscillators) both filters, delay lines and optical
delay lines and resonators. Phase noise levels and PSD of the phase noise in this
OEO oscillating system is defined by spontaneous emission, “electronic” noises of
the photodetector and the electronic amplifier.
We note that for traditional oscillators and optical quantum generators, the basing
fundamental relationships for coupling of the natural line width and PSD of the
phase noise with the main characteristics of the oscillating systems are already
determined in many publications [20–24, 63, 64, 70, 80–83]. For OEO with RF
FODL, which is the result of synthesis of two oscillating processes, lying in the
optical and RF ranges (or two oscillators), these relationships are defined in publications of authors and described in Chaps. 3–7 on this book. This is exactly one of
the tasks of further analysis OEO with RF FODL.
2.10 Conclusions
Here we briefly list the main results of this chapter.
1. OEO represents the double-range oscillating system, in which oscillations in
optical and RF ranges are developed. Methods of direct and external modulation
of the laser narrowband emission of QWLD (with additional suppression of
optical harmonics), which are examined in this book, basically, use the phase
(amplitude or frequency) optical modulation of the carrier. The photodetection
process with extraction in the photocurrent of a subcarrier with phase noises in
these OEO systems is the process of the heterodyne mixing or the self-heterodyne
mixing. One of the problem solved in this book, is the issue that the laser noise
affects the OEO RF noise.
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2 Nanostructural Optoelectronic Oscillators with the Fiber-Optical Delay Line