size of the light-sensitive area. Its sizes are approximately the same as the wavelength of arriving optical emission. It is necessary to take this into account at
mathematical modeling of RF FODL. If we consider the model of electromagnetic
emission in the form of the plane wave, which falls into the photodiode lightsensitive area, we must take into consideration that in the general case, non-axially
symmetric plane wave falls into this area. The electromagnetic laser emission wave,
which amplitude and phase are not constant at coordinate х and y variations in the
cross-section, falls into the photodiode.
Photodiode constructions with channel separation are developed for coherent
photodetection with optical and RF amplifiers using of selective optical filters in
order to suppress of the laser spontaneous emission noise, etc.
The listed characteristics of new laser elements with low output noises, high-Q
optical resonators and discriminators, nanofibers and wideband photodetectors for
OEO allow the following important conclusion. Application of these elements in
OEO leads to qualitatively new levels of development the optoelectronic generation,
as a whole, and to high OEO characteristics, which made them competitively
capable compared to traditional RF precision oscillators.
2.8 Comparison of OEO Characteristics with Other
Traditional Oscillators
2.8.1 Traditional Electronic Oscillators
At present, generation techniques for RF and microwave oscillations with the small
noise are sufficiently developed. A market for commercially available various
oscillation sources is open in many countries.
The crystal (quartz) and SAW oscillators without and with frequency multiplication, oscillators with YIG-resonators, Gunn-diode oscillators, low noise oscillators
with dielectric resonators on ceramics and with dielectric resonators with
whispering-gallery waves and on the leuco-sapphire crystal, etc. can be attributed
to the widely spread claiming models of precision oscillators. Such oscillators are
used for frequency stabilization in electronic systems, computer engineering, navigation systems, etc. Several specific tasks on long-term frequency stabilization can
be solved with the help cesium and rubidium frequency standards Some special tasks
on long-term frequency stabilization are solved using cesium and rubidium frequency standards, which are also commercially available, although rather expensive
devices. There appear publications on compact frequency standards [57–61]. Last
time, in communication systems and also in radio-electronic systems of miniature
unmanned flying vehicles on frequencies 2–60 GHz, grows the need in microwave
and mm-wave oscillators in miniature implementation. In scientific publications, the
papers appear on investigation of optoelectronic methods of generation in microwave and mm-wave ranges with application of laser, fiber-optical, and micro2.8 Comparison of OEO Characteristics with Other Traditional Oscillators
47
mathematical modeling of RF FODL. If we consider the model of electromagnetic
emission in the form of the plane wave, which falls into the photodiode lightsensitive area, we must take into consideration that in the general case, non-axially
symmetric plane wave falls into this area. The electromagnetic laser emission wave,
which amplitude and phase are not constant at coordinate х and y variations in the
cross-section, falls into the photodiode.
Photodiode constructions with channel separation are developed for coherent
photodetection with optical and RF amplifiers using of selective optical filters in
order to suppress of the laser spontaneous emission noise, etc.
The listed characteristics of new laser elements with low output noises, high-Q
optical resonators and discriminators, nanofibers and wideband photodetectors for
OEO allow the following important conclusion. Application of these elements in
OEO leads to qualitatively new levels of development the optoelectronic generation,
as a whole, and to high OEO characteristics, which made them competitively
capable compared to traditional RF precision oscillators.
2.8 Comparison of OEO Characteristics with Other
Traditional Oscillators
2.8.1 Traditional Electronic Oscillators
At present, generation techniques for RF and microwave oscillations with the small
noise are sufficiently developed. A market for commercially available various
oscillation sources is open in many countries.
The crystal (quartz) and SAW oscillators without and with frequency multiplication, oscillators with YIG-resonators, Gunn-diode oscillators, low noise oscillators
with dielectric resonators on ceramics and with dielectric resonators with
whispering-gallery waves and on the leuco-sapphire crystal, etc. can be attributed
to the widely spread claiming models of precision oscillators. Such oscillators are
used for frequency stabilization in electronic systems, computer engineering, navigation systems, etc. Several specific tasks on long-term frequency stabilization can
be solved with the help cesium and rubidium frequency standards Some special tasks
on long-term frequency stabilization are solved using cesium and rubidium frequency standards, which are also commercially available, although rather expensive
devices. There appear publications on compact frequency standards [57–61]. Last
time, in communication systems and also in radio-electronic systems of miniature
unmanned flying vehicles on frequencies 2–60 GHz, grows the need in microwave
and mm-wave oscillators in miniature implementation. In scientific publications, the
papers appear on investigation of optoelectronic methods of generation in microwave and mm-wave ranges with application of laser, fiber-optical, and micro2.8 Comparison of OEO Characteristics with Other Traditional Oscillators
47