inform the readers and explain to them that in order to develop OEO with the low
noise level on the RF carrier, the laser in the OEO structure should have low own
noises (Sect. 2.4).
In Sect. 2.5, we discuss that the main reason of the laser noise is its spontaneous
emission. To develop the theory (and further for experiment) we choose the modern
quantum-dimension laser diode (the laser with a quantum well). Its role in OEO
noise formation and its advantages and shortcomings are discussed further in Sect.
2.6 together with accomplished issues: the hybrid utilization of newest elements of
optoelectronics and microwave and mm-wave techniques in OEO.
OEO with self-heterodyne mixing in the form of the oscillator consisting the
phase fluctuations’ correlator in the feedback loop; issues of OEO integration in
future optical and optoelectronic systems; new methods of optical and optoelectronic
control of the OEO microwave frequency. Then, in this section, we describe types on
nonlinearities in OEO and study the dispersive fiber-optical delay line in OEO. The
special attention is paid to types of optoelectronic oscillators based on the composition of modulated light sources, division of OEO according to topology of fiberoptical systems.
Section 2.7 is devoted to description of the modern elements of OEO: a laser, a
modulator, the optical fiber, and the photodetector.
Comparison of technical OEO characteristics with other traditional oscillators:
quartz oscillators, oscillators with surface acoustic waves (SAW), oscillators with
resonator cavities for electromagnetic waves, performs in Sect. 2.8. The special
attention at comparison is given to the Q-factors of oscillating systems, the phase
noise of the RF carrier at small offsets.
Section 2.9 is devoted to description of technical characteristics of modern
optoelectronic methods of formation of precision RF oscillations: commercial
large-dimension and compact quantum frequency standards with optical pumping
of the cesium and rubidium cells. Special attention is attracted to description of
operation and characteristics of the frequency synthesizer with the optical microresonator.
At the end of this chapter, conclusions are offered necessary for further OEO
analysis in Chaps. 3 through 7.
2.1 Operation Principle and Functional Diagram of OEO
with RF FODL
This section is devoted to description of the operation principle, the functional
diagram, and destination of OEO elements including RF FODL.
16
2 Nanostructural Optoelectronic Oscillators with the Fiber-Optical Delay Line
noise level on the RF carrier, the laser in the OEO structure should have low own
noises (Sect. 2.4).
In Sect. 2.5, we discuss that the main reason of the laser noise is its spontaneous
emission. To develop the theory (and further for experiment) we choose the modern
quantum-dimension laser diode (the laser with a quantum well). Its role in OEO
noise formation and its advantages and shortcomings are discussed further in Sect.
2.6 together with accomplished issues: the hybrid utilization of newest elements of
optoelectronics and microwave and mm-wave techniques in OEO.
OEO with self-heterodyne mixing in the form of the oscillator consisting the
phase fluctuations’ correlator in the feedback loop; issues of OEO integration in
future optical and optoelectronic systems; new methods of optical and optoelectronic
control of the OEO microwave frequency. Then, in this section, we describe types on
nonlinearities in OEO and study the dispersive fiber-optical delay line in OEO. The
special attention is paid to types of optoelectronic oscillators based on the composition of modulated light sources, division of OEO according to topology of fiberoptical systems.
Section 2.7 is devoted to description of the modern elements of OEO: a laser, a
modulator, the optical fiber, and the photodetector.
Comparison of technical OEO characteristics with other traditional oscillators:
quartz oscillators, oscillators with surface acoustic waves (SAW), oscillators with
resonator cavities for electromagnetic waves, performs in Sect. 2.8. The special
attention at comparison is given to the Q-factors of oscillating systems, the phase
noise of the RF carrier at small offsets.
Section 2.9 is devoted to description of technical characteristics of modern
optoelectronic methods of formation of precision RF oscillations: commercial
large-dimension and compact quantum frequency standards with optical pumping
of the cesium and rubidium cells. Special attention is attracted to description of
operation and characteristics of the frequency synthesizer with the optical microresonator.
At the end of this chapter, conclusions are offered necessary for further OEO
analysis in Chaps. 3 through 7.
2.1 Operation Principle and Functional Diagram of OEO
with RF FODL
This section is devoted to description of the operation principle, the functional
diagram, and destination of OEO elements including RF FODL.
16
2 Nanostructural Optoelectronic Oscillators with the Fiber-Optical Delay Line