7.6
Power Spectrum Density of Amplitude and Phase Noise
in OEO DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.6.1
Fluctuation Equations of OEO DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.6.2
The Open Feedback Loop Expression for the Laser
PSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.6.3
The Power of Spontaneous Emission and PSD
of Laser (or QWLD) Spontaneous Emission . . . . . . . . . . 440
7.6.4
Estimation of Phase Noises of QWLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
7.6.5
Fluctuation Differential Equations of OEO DM
at Closed Positive Feedback Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
7.6.6
Noises of OEO DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
7.7
Systems of Frequency and Phase Automatic Control
in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
7.7.1
Systems of Frequency and Phase Automatic
Control with RF FODL for OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
7.7.2
PLL Systems in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
7.7.3
The Phased Detector on the Base of FOS1 . . . . . . . . . . . 457
7.7.4
PLL System of the Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
7.8
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
8 Experimental Investigations and Practical Circuits
of Optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with RF FODL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
8.1
Characteristics of Modulated Emission Sources:
The Laser Diode and the Light-Emitting Diode
in the Microwave Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
8.2
Influence of DC Bias Current Variations of the Laser
Diode Upon the Generation Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
8.3
OEO on the Powerful Laser for the Phased Microwave
RF FODL for the Active Phased Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
8.4
Implementation of OEO in the Microwave Range
and Its Experimental Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
8.5
Practical Circuits of the Optoelectronic Oscillator
Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
8.5.1
Implementation of Tuned Low-Noise Oscillators
in the Microwave and mm-Wave Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
8.5.2
OEO in Microwave and mm-Wave Ranges
in RF and Optical Radars of On-Board
and Ground-Based Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
8.5.3
OEO Utilization for Measurement of PSD
of Phase Noises in Oscillators, Microwave
and mm-Wave Devices and Lasers with the
Narrow Spectral Line Below 100 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Contents
xxi
Power Spectrum Density of Amplitude and Phase Noise
in OEO DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.6.1
Fluctuation Equations of OEO DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.6.2
The Open Feedback Loop Expression for the Laser
PSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
7.6.3
The Power of Spontaneous Emission and PSD
of Laser (or QWLD) Spontaneous Emission . . . . . . . . . . 440
7.6.4
Estimation of Phase Noises of QWLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
7.6.5
Fluctuation Differential Equations of OEO DM
at Closed Positive Feedback Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
7.6.6
Noises of OEO DM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
7.7
Systems of Frequency and Phase Automatic Control
in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
7.7.1
Systems of Frequency and Phase Automatic
Control with RF FODL for OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
7.7.2
PLL Systems in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
7.7.3
The Phased Detector on the Base of FOS1 . . . . . . . . . . . 457
7.7.4
PLL System of the Laser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
7.8
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
8 Experimental Investigations and Practical Circuits
of Optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with RF FODL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
8.1
Characteristics of Modulated Emission Sources:
The Laser Diode and the Light-Emitting Diode
in the Microwave Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
8.2
Influence of DC Bias Current Variations of the Laser
Diode Upon the Generation Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474
8.3
OEO on the Powerful Laser for the Phased Microwave
RF FODL for the Active Phased Antenna Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
8.4
Implementation of OEO in the Microwave Range
and Its Experimental Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
8.5
Practical Circuits of the Optoelectronic Oscillator
Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
8.5.1
Implementation of Tuned Low-Noise Oscillators
in the Microwave and mm-Wave Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
8.5.2
OEO in Microwave and mm-Wave Ranges
in RF and Optical Radars of On-Board
and Ground-Based Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
8.5.3
OEO Utilization for Measurement of PSD
of Phase Noises in Oscillators, Microwave
and mm-Wave Devices and Lasers with the
Narrow Spectral Line Below 100 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Contents
xxi