Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.1
Brief History of OEO Investigation in MPEI and IRE . . . . . . . . .
9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Nanostructural Optoelectronic Oscillators with the
Fiber-Optical Delay Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1
Operation Principle and Functional Diagram of OEO
with RF FODL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.1
Optoelectronic Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.2
Methodic Conception and Features of OEO
Theoretical Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.3
Semiclassical Laser Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1.4
Semiclassical Laser Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.1.5
A Laser in OEO Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.1.6
MZ Modulator in OEO Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.2
Technical Features and Advantages of OEO with External
and Direct Modulation in Options with Self-Heterodyne
Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3
Spontaneous Laser and QWLD Emission and Its Role
in OEO Noises’ Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4
Hybrid Utilization of Up-to-Date Electro-Optical Elements
and Microwave Elements in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.5
OEO with Self-Heterodyne Mixing as the Oscillator Containing
the Phase Fluctuation Correlator in the Feedback Loop . . . . . . . . 31
2.6
Integration in Future Optical and Optoelectronic Systems . . . . . . 34
2.6.1
New Methods of Optical and Optoelectronic
Frequency Control of the RF Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.6.2
Nonlinearities in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.6.3
Dispersion RF FODL in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
xiii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1.1
Brief History of OEO Investigation in MPEI and IRE . . . . . . . . .
9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Nanostructural Optoelectronic Oscillators with the
Fiber-Optical Delay Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1
Operation Principle and Functional Diagram of OEO
with RF FODL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.1.1
Optoelectronic Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.2
Methodic Conception and Features of OEO
Theoretical Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.3
Semiclassical Laser Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1.4
Semiclassical Laser Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.1.5
A Laser in OEO Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.1.6
MZ Modulator in OEO Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.2
Technical Features and Advantages of OEO with External
and Direct Modulation in Options with Self-Heterodyne
Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.3
Spontaneous Laser and QWLD Emission and Its Role
in OEO Noises’ Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.4
Hybrid Utilization of Up-to-Date Electro-Optical Elements
and Microwave Elements in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.5
OEO with Self-Heterodyne Mixing as the Oscillator Containing
the Phase Fluctuation Correlator in the Feedback Loop . . . . . . . . 31
2.6
Integration in Future Optical and Optoelectronic Systems . . . . . . 34
2.6.1
New Methods of Optical and Optoelectronic
Frequency Control of the RF Oscillators . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.6.2
Nonlinearities in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.6.3
Dispersion RF FODL in OEO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
xiii