Fig. 3.2 The diagram of the laser (a) OA is the optical amplifier, OF is the optical filter. This
diagram corresponds to the laser with the traveling-wave resonator. The optical pumping power
passes to the active amplifier, (b) the block diagram for representation of OEO DM and OEO MZ
for amplitude and phase balance equations formation, (c) OEO MZ. Designations: OA is the optical
amplifier, OF is the optical filter, M is the mirror, MH is the output mirror, Pump is the laser energy
pumping, P is the optical gate, Laser is QWLD, P is the polarizer, FO is the optical fiber, PD is the
photodetector, A is the RF amplifier, F is the RF filter, C is the RF coupler, and MZ is the Mach–
Zehnder modulator
3.1 Direct and External Laser Modulation in OEO
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