Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:40
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dendrimers, liposomes and nanogels, have been developed to create hybrid
nanoscale materials for imaging and therapeutic applications.
3.1.1 Nanomicelles
Nanomicelles are formed by the self-assembly of surfactant molecules or copolymers that adopt a core–shell like structure, thus entrapping in their inner core hydrophobic materials, such as drugs, dyes or inorganic nanoparticles (Fig. 4). The small
size is another advantage of the micelles, which can be synthesized between 5 and
100 nm. This provides nanomicelles with long blood circulation times, which favor
their active or passive accumulation in the target sites. Consequently, nanomicelles
are generating great interest in the development of promising payload nanocarriers for theranostics [217–219]. Particularly interesting are the results obtained with
hybrid nanosystems using polymer micelles loaded with IONPs. For instance, Jianping Bin and coworkers described the synthesis of a tumor-targeted MRI vehicle
through the encapsulation of IONPs in self-aggregating polymeric folate-conjugated
N-palmitoyl chitosan micelles [220]. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the
efficacy of folate-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)micelles in targeting and visualization by MRI of folate receptor overexpressed
tumor cells. Torchilin et al. [221] created a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for
in vivo use based on poly (ethylene glycol)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE)
micelles loaded with Paclitaxel (PTX), a poorly water soluble anticancer drug, and
IONPs. The combination of both multi-modal cargos inside the micelles showed
no property changes, either in the relaxivity of the IONPs or in the apoptotic antitumour activity of PTX.
3.1.2 Dendrimers
Dendrimers are a class of well-defined nanostructured macromolecules consisting
of three critical architectural domains: the multivalent surface, the interior shells
surrounding the core, and the core. These domains can be tailored for a specific
Fig. 4 Synthesis of chitosan derivative polymeric micelles encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles (SPIONs) [308]
64
Reprinted from the journal
1 3
dendrimers, liposomes and nanogels, have been developed to create hybrid
nanoscale materials for imaging and therapeutic applications.
3.1.1 Nanomicelles
Nanomicelles are formed by the self-assembly of surfactant molecules or copolymers that adopt a core–shell like structure, thus entrapping in their inner core hydrophobic materials, such as drugs, dyes or inorganic nanoparticles (Fig. 4). The small
size is another advantage of the micelles, which can be synthesized between 5 and
100 nm. This provides nanomicelles with long blood circulation times, which favor
their active or passive accumulation in the target sites. Consequently, nanomicelles
are generating great interest in the development of promising payload nanocarriers for theranostics [217–219]. Particularly interesting are the results obtained with
hybrid nanosystems using polymer micelles loaded with IONPs. For instance, Jianping Bin and coworkers described the synthesis of a tumor-targeted MRI vehicle
through the encapsulation of IONPs in self-aggregating polymeric folate-conjugated
N-palmitoyl chitosan micelles [220]. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the
efficacy of folate-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)micelles in targeting and visualization by MRI of folate receptor overexpressed
tumor cells. Torchilin et al. [221] created a diagnostic and therapeutic agent for
in vivo use based on poly (ethylene glycol)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE)
micelles loaded with Paclitaxel (PTX), a poorly water soluble anticancer drug, and
IONPs. The combination of both multi-modal cargos inside the micelles showed
no property changes, either in the relaxivity of the IONPs or in the apoptotic antitumour activity of PTX.
3.1.2 Dendrimers
Dendrimers are a class of well-defined nanostructured macromolecules consisting
of three critical architectural domains: the multivalent surface, the interior shells
surrounding the core, and the core. These domains can be tailored for a specific
Fig. 4 Synthesis of chitosan derivative polymeric micelles encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide
nanoparticles (SPIONs) [308]
64
Reprinted from the journal