1 3
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:12
follow depends strongly on the proposed application, but the outcome results are
difficult to predict a priori. However, some general guidelines may be followed. For
certain applications, the orientation of the biomolecule on a support is not essential;
when purifying a biomolecule over a (nanostructured) inorganic support, electrostatic interactions may be used for retention of the biomolecule, which may be further liberated after a change of pH or ionic strength. Conversely, antigen–antibody
and enzyme-based systems often require that the biomolecule be orientated optimally so as not to block their recognition sites. Regarding the chemical modifications used to obtain nanobioconjugates, current methods are effective but the range
of experimental conditions in which they works appropriately are essentially narrow,
i.e., temperature, incubation and reaction times, reagents, pH and ionic strength are
some of the factors to consider very carefully.
It is also worth highlighting that, although nanoparticles modified with biomolecules have demonstrated high efficiency in diverse fields, many of the current systems exist only at the laboratory scale. With an eye on future developments in this
field, we foresee scaling-up to gram-scale production as the next challenge in order
to widen the use of nanobioconjugates in point-of-care diagnostic devices, thus
increasing their impact in everyday life. Undeniably, this is a dynamic research field
that will continue to grow exponentially in the near future.
References
1. Vial S, Reis RL, Oliveira JM (2017) Recent advances using gold nanoparticles as a promising
multimodal tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci
21:92–112. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossm s.2016.03.006
2. Sanad M, Shalan A, Bazid S et al (2019) A graphene gold nanocomposite-based 5-FU drug and the
enhancement of the MCF-7 cell line treatment. RSC Adv 9:31021–31029. https ://doi.org/10.1039/
C9RA0 5669F
3. Ahsan MA, Jabbari V, Imam MA et al (2020) Nanoscale nickel metal organic framework decorated
over graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes for water remediation. Sci Total Environ 698:134214.
https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.scito tenv.2019.13421 4
4. Ahsan MA, Jabbari V, Islam MT et al (2019) Sustainable synthesis and remarkable adsorption
capacity of MOF/graphene oxide and MOF/CNT based hybrid nanocomposites for the removal
of Bisphenol A from water. Sci Total Environ 673:306–317. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.scito
tenv.2019.03.219
5. Ahn J, Choi Y, Lee AR et al (2016) A duplex DNA-gold nanoparticle probe composed as a colorimetric biosensor for sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Analyst 141:2040–2045. https ://doi.
org/10.1039/c6an0 0033a
6. Chen M, Kang H, Gong Y et al (2015) Bacterial cellulose supported gold nanoparticles with excellent catalytic properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:21717–21726. https ://doi.org/10.1021/
acsam i.5b071 50
7. Rodriguez-Padron D, Santiago ARP, Balu AM, Luque R (2018) Synthesis of high valuable N-heterocycles via catalytic conversion of levulinic acid. Front Chem 6:662. https ://doi.org/10.3389/
fchem .2018.00662
8. Ahsan MA, Jabbari V, El-Gendy AA et al (2019) Ultrafast catalytic reduction of environmental
pollutants in water via MOF-derived magnetic Ni and Cu nanoparticles encapsulated in porous
carbon. Appl Surf Sci 497:143608. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsus c.2019.14360 8
9. Ahsan MA, Deemer E, Fernandez-Delgado O et al (2019) Fe nanoparticles encapsulated in MOFderived carbon for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methyl orange in water. Catal Commun
130:105753. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.catco m.2019.10575 3
119
Reprinted from the journal
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:12
follow depends strongly on the proposed application, but the outcome results are
difficult to predict a priori. However, some general guidelines may be followed. For
certain applications, the orientation of the biomolecule on a support is not essential;
when purifying a biomolecule over a (nanostructured) inorganic support, electrostatic interactions may be used for retention of the biomolecule, which may be further liberated after a change of pH or ionic strength. Conversely, antigen–antibody
and enzyme-based systems often require that the biomolecule be orientated optimally so as not to block their recognition sites. Regarding the chemical modifications used to obtain nanobioconjugates, current methods are effective but the range
of experimental conditions in which they works appropriately are essentially narrow,
i.e., temperature, incubation and reaction times, reagents, pH and ionic strength are
some of the factors to consider very carefully.
It is also worth highlighting that, although nanoparticles modified with biomolecules have demonstrated high efficiency in diverse fields, many of the current systems exist only at the laboratory scale. With an eye on future developments in this
field, we foresee scaling-up to gram-scale production as the next challenge in order
to widen the use of nanobioconjugates in point-of-care diagnostic devices, thus
increasing their impact in everyday life. Undeniably, this is a dynamic research field
that will continue to grow exponentially in the near future.
References
1. Vial S, Reis RL, Oliveira JM (2017) Recent advances using gold nanoparticles as a promising
multimodal tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci
21:92–112. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.cossm s.2016.03.006
2. Sanad M, Shalan A, Bazid S et al (2019) A graphene gold nanocomposite-based 5-FU drug and the
enhancement of the MCF-7 cell line treatment. RSC Adv 9:31021–31029. https ://doi.org/10.1039/
C9RA0 5669F
3. Ahsan MA, Jabbari V, Imam MA et al (2020) Nanoscale nickel metal organic framework decorated
over graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes for water remediation. Sci Total Environ 698:134214.
https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.scito tenv.2019.13421 4
4. Ahsan MA, Jabbari V, Islam MT et al (2019) Sustainable synthesis and remarkable adsorption
capacity of MOF/graphene oxide and MOF/CNT based hybrid nanocomposites for the removal
of Bisphenol A from water. Sci Total Environ 673:306–317. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.scito
tenv.2019.03.219
5. Ahn J, Choi Y, Lee AR et al (2016) A duplex DNA-gold nanoparticle probe composed as a colorimetric biosensor for sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Analyst 141:2040–2045. https ://doi.
org/10.1039/c6an0 0033a
6. Chen M, Kang H, Gong Y et al (2015) Bacterial cellulose supported gold nanoparticles with excellent catalytic properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:21717–21726. https ://doi.org/10.1021/
acsam i.5b071 50
7. Rodriguez-Padron D, Santiago ARP, Balu AM, Luque R (2018) Synthesis of high valuable N-heterocycles via catalytic conversion of levulinic acid. Front Chem 6:662. https ://doi.org/10.3389/
fchem .2018.00662
8. Ahsan MA, Jabbari V, El-Gendy AA et al (2019) Ultrafast catalytic reduction of environmental
pollutants in water via MOF-derived magnetic Ni and Cu nanoparticles encapsulated in porous
carbon. Appl Surf Sci 497:143608. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsus c.2019.14360 8
9. Ahsan MA, Deemer E, Fernandez-Delgado O et al (2019) Fe nanoparticles encapsulated in MOFderived carbon for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methyl orange in water. Catal Commun
130:105753. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.catco m.2019.10575 3
119
Reprinted from the journal