692
Index
Natural selection, 416
Natural variables, 353
Navier–Stokes equation, 87, 90, 95, 104, 134,
559, 643
Near-field scanning microwave microscopy,
537
Near infrared spectrum, 232
Nernst effect, 414
Nernst-Planck equation, 384, 397
Neumann entropy, 458
Neutrality principle, 382
Neutrino, 11, 34, 521, 607, 623
Newtonian fluid, 89
Newton, Isaac, 6, 24, 36, 44, 51
Newton (Isaac) quote, 11, 47, 77
Newton’s laws, 32, 86
Nirenberg, Marshall, 549
Nodes, 118
Noise-exposure dose, 173
Non-linear waves, 134
Non-Newtonian fluid, 89
Normal modes, 230, 446, 536
Nuclear force, 28, 31, 183
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 201
Nuclear Magnetic-resonance Imaging (NMI),
201
Nuclear resonance spectroscopy, 304
O
Observable, 4, 518
Occam’s Razor, 4
Ohm’s law, 91, 272, 383, 387, 411
Onsager relations, 413
Ophthalmoscope, 266
Optical holography, 254
Optical illusion, 262
Optically active, 239
Optical power, 257
Optical spectrometer, 215
Optical tweezers, 251, 253
Optimality, 564
Ordering theory, 597
Otoscope, 266
P
Palpatation, 152
Paramagnetic resonance imaging, 223
Partial fraction, 355
Partial pressure, 355, 399
Particle range, 311
Partition function, 404, 430
Partition function, canonical, 430, 461, 470,
472, 489, 504
Partition function, grand canonical, 489
Pascal, 51
Pascal’s principle, 79
Pauli exclusion principle, 14, 524
Pauling, Linus, 481
Peltier effect, 413
Pendant hanging method, 50
Penetration depth, 225, 273, 296
Permeability, cell wall, 382, 388, 398
Permeability, electric, 185
Permeability, magnetic, 41, 185, 206, 215, 272
Perrin, John, 381
Phase coherence, 211, 250
Phase-contrast microscope, 265
Phase velocity, 119, 124
Phenomenological laws, 54
Phonon, 150
Phons, 156
Phosphorescent, 237, 245
Phosphors, 236, 245
Photomultiplier, 281
Photomultiplier tube, 282
Photon, 21, 28, 186, 210, 261, 269, 318, 394,
415, 448, 516, 652, 685
Photosynthesis, 237, 270, 608, 616
Physical lifetime, 309
Planck, Max, 430, 514
Planck (Max) quote, 514, 653
Planck’s constant, 28, 31, 210, 226, 243, 305,
355, 456, 535
Planck’s distribution, 226, 234, 428, 609, 654
Planck’s photon, 210, 226
Planck’s relation, 226
Planck length, 514
Plastic flow, 63
Plateau’s problem, 643
Poiseuille’s law, 91, 100
Poisson ratio, 61
Polarizability, electric, 17, 252, 533
Polarization, circularly, 213
Polarization, EM wave, 207
Polarization, linear, 213
Polarized, linearly, 213
Population inversion, 249
Positron, 220, 286, 290, 302, 306, 312, 321
Positron emission tomography (PET), 306
Poynting vector, 206
Pressure, 52
Prigogine (Ilya) quote, 595
Proton beam therapy, 315
Index
Natural selection, 416
Natural variables, 353
Navier–Stokes equation, 87, 90, 95, 104, 134,
559, 643
Near-field scanning microwave microscopy,
537
Near infrared spectrum, 232
Nernst effect, 414
Nernst-Planck equation, 384, 397
Neumann entropy, 458
Neutrality principle, 382
Neutrino, 11, 34, 521, 607, 623
Newtonian fluid, 89
Newton, Isaac, 6, 24, 36, 44, 51
Newton (Isaac) quote, 11, 47, 77
Newton’s laws, 32, 86
Nirenberg, Marshall, 549
Nodes, 118
Noise-exposure dose, 173
Non-linear waves, 134
Non-Newtonian fluid, 89
Normal modes, 230, 446, 536
Nuclear force, 28, 31, 183
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 201
Nuclear Magnetic-resonance Imaging (NMI),
201
Nuclear resonance spectroscopy, 304
O
Observable, 4, 518
Occam’s Razor, 4
Ohm’s law, 91, 272, 383, 387, 411
Onsager relations, 413
Ophthalmoscope, 266
Optical holography, 254
Optical illusion, 262
Optically active, 239
Optical power, 257
Optical spectrometer, 215
Optical tweezers, 251, 253
Optimality, 564
Ordering theory, 597
Otoscope, 266
P
Palpatation, 152
Paramagnetic resonance imaging, 223
Partial fraction, 355
Partial pressure, 355, 399
Particle range, 311
Partition function, 404, 430
Partition function, canonical, 430, 461, 470,
472, 489, 504
Partition function, grand canonical, 489
Pascal, 51
Pascal’s principle, 79
Pauli exclusion principle, 14, 524
Pauling, Linus, 481
Peltier effect, 413
Pendant hanging method, 50
Penetration depth, 225, 273, 296
Permeability, cell wall, 382, 388, 398
Permeability, electric, 185
Permeability, magnetic, 41, 185, 206, 215, 272
Perrin, John, 381
Phase coherence, 211, 250
Phase-contrast microscope, 265
Phase velocity, 119, 124
Phenomenological laws, 54
Phonon, 150
Phons, 156
Phosphorescent, 237, 245
Phosphors, 236, 245
Photomultiplier, 281
Photomultiplier tube, 282
Photon, 21, 28, 186, 210, 261, 269, 318, 394,
415, 448, 516, 652, 685
Photosynthesis, 237, 270, 608, 616
Physical lifetime, 309
Planck, Max, 430, 514
Planck (Max) quote, 514, 653
Planck’s constant, 28, 31, 210, 226, 243, 305,
355, 456, 535
Planck’s distribution, 226, 234, 428, 609, 654
Planck’s photon, 210, 226
Planck’s relation, 226
Planck length, 514
Plastic flow, 63
Plateau’s problem, 643
Poiseuille’s law, 91, 100
Poisson ratio, 61
Polarizability, electric, 17, 252, 533
Polarization, circularly, 213
Polarization, EM wave, 207
Polarization, linear, 213
Polarized, linearly, 213
Population inversion, 249
Positron, 220, 286, 290, 302, 306, 312, 321
Positron emission tomography (PET), 306
Poynting vector, 206
Pressure, 52
Prigogine (Ilya) quote, 595
Proton beam therapy, 315