and quantitative information on the bond-electron-phonon-property correlation
become inevitably desirable.
This book is devoted to reconciling spectrometrics of electron emission, electron
diffraction, and phonon absorption and reflection from liquid and solid substance
under various perturbations or reactions taken place. Focus is given on information
distillation of the bond-electron-phonon dynamics, which is the reason to amplify
the conventional spectroscopy to the presently featured spectrometrics. The entire
work is grounded on principles of the bond order-length-strength (BOLS) correlation, nonbonding electron polarization (NEP), local bond average (LBA), multifield
lattice oscillation and electron binding dynamics for systems under perturbation. The
strategies include differential photoelectron/phonon spectrometrics (DPS) that distils
transition of the length, energy, stiffness and the fraction of bonds upon being
chemically or physically conditioned and the derived information on performance of
electrons in various energy bands in terms of quantum entrapment and polarization.
The physical ground of the spectrometrics is the Hamiltonian perturbation
through bond relaxation by physical perturbation and bond transformation by
chemical reaction. One can establish the bond-electron-property correlation for a
substance by shifting the phonon frequency and electron binding energy through
perturbing its Hamiltonian by programmed electrostatic polarization, magnetization, mechanical and thermal excitation, atomic and molecular undercoordination,
tetrahedral bond formation, charge injection by chemisorption or solvation, or a
combination of these degrees of freedom. The mathematical foundation of the
spectrometrics is the Fourier transformation that gathers electrons of the same
binding energy or bonds vibrating in the same frequency into their characteristic
spectral peaks, irrespective of their locations, bond orientations, or structural phases. One can thus focus on the behaviour of the representative bond or the representative electron for their own types in an examined specimen.
This volume contains three parts, with a focus on the principles, strategies,
applications, and databases for the electron and phonon spectrometrics:
Part I features the coordination-resolved electron emission spectrometrics.
Experimental technique includes STM/S, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES includes
XPS and UPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and near-edge X-ray
absorption/emission spectroscopy (NEXAS/XES). The XAS, XES and the AES
and PES coincidence spectroscopy (APECS) could determine simultaneously
energy shifts of the valence band and a core band, which resolves the effect of
screen shielding of one level from the other and resolves the charge sharing
between constituent reactants in reaction. The BOLS-NEP enabled the
zone-resolved photoelectron spectrometrics (ZPS) that distils information on bond
relaxation and associated energetics, charge localization, quantum entrapment and
polarization pertaining to the irregularly coordinated atoms. Examination of the
geometric registry and layer-number-order-resolved adatoms, point defects, solid
and liquid skins, terrace edges, atomic clusters, nanocrystals, heterojunction interfaces and nanoalloys, and the confined (molecular undercoordination) water and
salt solutions have led to rich genomic information. Findings clarified the
following:
x
Preface
become inevitably desirable.
This book is devoted to reconciling spectrometrics of electron emission, electron
diffraction, and phonon absorption and reflection from liquid and solid substance
under various perturbations or reactions taken place. Focus is given on information
distillation of the bond-electron-phonon dynamics, which is the reason to amplify
the conventional spectroscopy to the presently featured spectrometrics. The entire
work is grounded on principles of the bond order-length-strength (BOLS) correlation, nonbonding electron polarization (NEP), local bond average (LBA), multifield
lattice oscillation and electron binding dynamics for systems under perturbation. The
strategies include differential photoelectron/phonon spectrometrics (DPS) that distils
transition of the length, energy, stiffness and the fraction of bonds upon being
chemically or physically conditioned and the derived information on performance of
electrons in various energy bands in terms of quantum entrapment and polarization.
The physical ground of the spectrometrics is the Hamiltonian perturbation
through bond relaxation by physical perturbation and bond transformation by
chemical reaction. One can establish the bond-electron-property correlation for a
substance by shifting the phonon frequency and electron binding energy through
perturbing its Hamiltonian by programmed electrostatic polarization, magnetization, mechanical and thermal excitation, atomic and molecular undercoordination,
tetrahedral bond formation, charge injection by chemisorption or solvation, or a
combination of these degrees of freedom. The mathematical foundation of the
spectrometrics is the Fourier transformation that gathers electrons of the same
binding energy or bonds vibrating in the same frequency into their characteristic
spectral peaks, irrespective of their locations, bond orientations, or structural phases. One can thus focus on the behaviour of the representative bond or the representative electron for their own types in an examined specimen.
This volume contains three parts, with a focus on the principles, strategies,
applications, and databases for the electron and phonon spectrometrics:
Part I features the coordination-resolved electron emission spectrometrics.
Experimental technique includes STM/S, photoelectron spectroscopy (PES includes
XPS and UPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and near-edge X-ray
absorption/emission spectroscopy (NEXAS/XES). The XAS, XES and the AES
and PES coincidence spectroscopy (APECS) could determine simultaneously
energy shifts of the valence band and a core band, which resolves the effect of
screen shielding of one level from the other and resolves the charge sharing
between constituent reactants in reaction. The BOLS-NEP enabled the
zone-resolved photoelectron spectrometrics (ZPS) that distils information on bond
relaxation and associated energetics, charge localization, quantum entrapment and
polarization pertaining to the irregularly coordinated atoms. Examination of the
geometric registry and layer-number-order-resolved adatoms, point defects, solid
and liquid skins, terrace edges, atomic clusters, nanocrystals, heterojunction interfaces and nanoalloys, and the confined (molecular undercoordination) water and
salt solutions have led to rich genomic information. Findings clarified the
following:
x
Preface