Chapter 24
Water and Aqueous Solutions
Abstract Phonon spectrometrics examination of the effect of pressure, temperature,
molecular undercoordination, and charge injection by acid, base, and salt solvation
establishes the regulations for the hydrogen bonding and electronic dynamics and
the properties of the deionized water and aqueous solutions. Consistency between
theory and measurements confirms the essentiality of the quasisolid phase of negative thermal expansion due to O:H–O segmental specific heat disparity, and the
supersolid phase due to electrostatic polarization by ions injection or molecular
undercoordination. Lewis acid and base solvation creates the H↔H anti–HB due to
the excessive protons and the O:⇔:O super–HB because of the excessive lone pairs,
respectively. The multifield mediation of the HB network results in anomalies of
water ice and aqueous solutions such as ice friction, ice floating, regelation, superheating and supercooling, warm water speedy cooling, and critical conditions for
phase transition. Extending the knowledge towards the deep engineering of liquid
water would be promising.
Highlights
• Hydration of ions, lone pairs, protons, dipoles mediates the O:H–O network and
solution properties.
• DPS distills the phonon abundance-order-stiffness transition of O:H–O bonds
under perturbation.
• Ionic screened polarization and interanion repulsion stem the Hofmeister hydration
volume.
• H↔H and O:⇔:O repulsion, ionic polarization, and solute bond contraction
feature the Lewis solutions.
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
C. Q. Sun, Electron and Phonon Spectrometrics,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3176-7_24
469
Water and Aqueous Solutions
Abstract Phonon spectrometrics examination of the effect of pressure, temperature,
molecular undercoordination, and charge injection by acid, base, and salt solvation
establishes the regulations for the hydrogen bonding and electronic dynamics and
the properties of the deionized water and aqueous solutions. Consistency between
theory and measurements confirms the essentiality of the quasisolid phase of negative thermal expansion due to O:H–O segmental specific heat disparity, and the
supersolid phase due to electrostatic polarization by ions injection or molecular
undercoordination. Lewis acid and base solvation creates the H↔H anti–HB due to
the excessive protons and the O:⇔:O super–HB because of the excessive lone pairs,
respectively. The multifield mediation of the HB network results in anomalies of
water ice and aqueous solutions such as ice friction, ice floating, regelation, superheating and supercooling, warm water speedy cooling, and critical conditions for
phase transition. Extending the knowledge towards the deep engineering of liquid
water would be promising.
Highlights
• Hydration of ions, lone pairs, protons, dipoles mediates the O:H–O network and
solution properties.
• DPS distills the phonon abundance-order-stiffness transition of O:H–O bonds
under perturbation.
• Ionic screened polarization and interanion repulsion stem the Hofmeister hydration
volume.
• H↔H and O:⇔:O repulsion, ionic polarization, and solute bond contraction
feature the Lewis solutions.
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license
to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
C. Q. Sun, Electron and Phonon Spectrometrics,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3176-7_24
469