18
1 Introduction
32. Y. Wang, Y.G. Nie, L.K. Pan, Z. Sun, C.Q. Sun, Potential barrier generation at the BeW
interface blocking thermonuclear radiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257(8), 3603–3606 (2011)
33. D. Hsieh, D. Qian, L. Wray, Y. Xia, Y.S. Hor, R.J. Cava, M.Z. Hasan, A topological Dirac
insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase. Nature 452(7190), 970–974 (2008)
34. S. Li, O. Prabhakar, T.T. Tan, C.Q. Sun, X.L. Wang, S. Soltanian, J. Horvat, S.X. Dou, Intrinsic
nanostructural domains: possible origin of weaklinkless superconductivity in the quenched
reaction product of Mg and amorphous B. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(5), 874–876 (2002)
35. S. Li, T. White, K. Laursen, T.T. Tan, C.Q. Sun, Z.L. Dong, Y. Li, S.H. Zho, J. Horvat,
S.X. Dou, Intense vortex pinning enhanced by semicrystalline defect traps in self-aligned
nanostructured MgB2. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(2), 314–316 (2003)
36. D.A. Ricci, T. Miller, T.C. Chiang, Controlling the thermal stability of thin films by interfacial
engineering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(26), 266101 (2005)
37. Q. Jiang, H.M. Lu, Size dependent interface energy and its applications. Surf. Sci. Rep. 63(10),
427–464 (2008)
38. M. Paneru, C. Priest, R. Sedev, J. Ralston, Static and dynamic electrowetting of an ionic liquid
in a solid/liquid/liquid system. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(24), 8301–8308 (2010)
39. A. Hodgson, S. Haq, Water adsorption and the wetting of metal surfaces. Surf. Sci. Rep. 64(9),
381–451 (2009)
40. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, Y. Zhou, W. Zheng, J. Zhou, C.Q. Sun, A common supersolid
skin covering both water and ice. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(42), 22987–22994 (2014)
41. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, Y. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zheng, Q. Jiang, C.Q. Sun, Hydrogen-bond
memory and water-skin supersolidity resolving the Mpemba paradox. Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys. 16(42), 22995–23002 (2014)
42. M.M. Ugeda, I. Brihuega, F. Guinea, J.M. Gómez-Rodríguez, Missing atom as a source of
carbon magnetism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 096804 (2010)
43. Y. Niimi, T. Matsui, H. Kambara, H. Fukuyama, STM/STS measurements of two-dimensional
electronic states trapped around surface defects in magnetic fields. Physica E 34(1–2), 100–
103 (2006)
44. A.J. Cox, J.G. Louderback, L.A. Bloomfield, Experimental-observation of magnetism in
Rhodium clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(6), 923–926 (1993)
45. C.Q. Sun, Oxidation electronics: bond-band-barrier correlation and its applications. Prog.
Mater Sci. 48(6), 521–685 (2003)
46. W.T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Electronic process of nitriding: mechanism and applications. Prog.
Solid State Chem. 34(1), 1–20 (2006)
47. C.Q. Sun, The sp hybrid bonding of C, N and O to the fcc(001) surface of nickel and rhodium.
Surf. Rev. Lett. 7(3), 347–363 (2000)
48. Z. He, J. Zhou, X. Lu, B. Corry, Ice-like water structure in carbon nanotube (8,8) induces
cationic hydration enhancement. J. Phys. Chem. C 117(21), 11412–11420 (2013)
49. K. Nakada, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, Edge state in graphene ribbons:
nanometer size effect and edge shape dependence. Phys. Rev. B 54(24), 17954–17961 (1996)
50. C.Q. Sun, S.Y. Fu, Y.G. Nie, Dominance of broken bonds and unpaired nonbonding pielectrons in the band gap expansion and edge states generation in graphene nanoribbons. J.
Phys. Chem. C 112(48), 18927–18934 (2008)
51. V.S. Stepanyuk, A.N. Klavsyuk, L. Niebergall, P. Bruno, End electronic states in Cu chains
on Cu(111): ab initio calculations. Phys. Rev. B 72(15), 153407 (2005)
52. J.N. Crain, D.T. Pierce, End states in one-dimensional atom chains. Science 307(5710), 703–
706 (2005)
53. T. Fauster, C. Reuss, I.L. Shumay, M. Weinelt, F. Theilmann, A. Goldmann, Influence of
surface morphology on surface states for Cu on Cu(111). Phys. Rev. B 61(23), 16168–16173
(2000)
54. T. Eguchi, A. Kamoshida, M. Ono, M. Hamada, R. Shoda, T. Nishio, A. Harasawa, T. Okuda,
T. Kinoshita, Y. Hasegawa, Surface states of a Pd monolayer formed on a Au(111) surface
studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 74(7), 073406 (2006)
1 Introduction
32. Y. Wang, Y.G. Nie, L.K. Pan, Z. Sun, C.Q. Sun, Potential barrier generation at the BeW
interface blocking thermonuclear radiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257(8), 3603–3606 (2011)
33. D. Hsieh, D. Qian, L. Wray, Y. Xia, Y.S. Hor, R.J. Cava, M.Z. Hasan, A topological Dirac
insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase. Nature 452(7190), 970–974 (2008)
34. S. Li, O. Prabhakar, T.T. Tan, C.Q. Sun, X.L. Wang, S. Soltanian, J. Horvat, S.X. Dou, Intrinsic
nanostructural domains: possible origin of weaklinkless superconductivity in the quenched
reaction product of Mg and amorphous B. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(5), 874–876 (2002)
35. S. Li, T. White, K. Laursen, T.T. Tan, C.Q. Sun, Z.L. Dong, Y. Li, S.H. Zho, J. Horvat,
S.X. Dou, Intense vortex pinning enhanced by semicrystalline defect traps in self-aligned
nanostructured MgB2. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(2), 314–316 (2003)
36. D.A. Ricci, T. Miller, T.C. Chiang, Controlling the thermal stability of thin films by interfacial
engineering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95(26), 266101 (2005)
37. Q. Jiang, H.M. Lu, Size dependent interface energy and its applications. Surf. Sci. Rep. 63(10),
427–464 (2008)
38. M. Paneru, C. Priest, R. Sedev, J. Ralston, Static and dynamic electrowetting of an ionic liquid
in a solid/liquid/liquid system. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(24), 8301–8308 (2010)
39. A. Hodgson, S. Haq, Water adsorption and the wetting of metal surfaces. Surf. Sci. Rep. 64(9),
381–451 (2009)
40. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, Y. Zhou, W. Zheng, J. Zhou, C.Q. Sun, A common supersolid
skin covering both water and ice. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(42), 22987–22994 (2014)
41. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, Y. Zhou, J. Zhou, W. Zheng, Q. Jiang, C.Q. Sun, Hydrogen-bond
memory and water-skin supersolidity resolving the Mpemba paradox. Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys. 16(42), 22995–23002 (2014)
42. M.M. Ugeda, I. Brihuega, F. Guinea, J.M. Gómez-Rodríguez, Missing atom as a source of
carbon magnetism. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 096804 (2010)
43. Y. Niimi, T. Matsui, H. Kambara, H. Fukuyama, STM/STS measurements of two-dimensional
electronic states trapped around surface defects in magnetic fields. Physica E 34(1–2), 100–
103 (2006)
44. A.J. Cox, J.G. Louderback, L.A. Bloomfield, Experimental-observation of magnetism in
Rhodium clusters. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71(6), 923–926 (1993)
45. C.Q. Sun, Oxidation electronics: bond-band-barrier correlation and its applications. Prog.
Mater Sci. 48(6), 521–685 (2003)
46. W.T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Electronic process of nitriding: mechanism and applications. Prog.
Solid State Chem. 34(1), 1–20 (2006)
47. C.Q. Sun, The sp hybrid bonding of C, N and O to the fcc(001) surface of nickel and rhodium.
Surf. Rev. Lett. 7(3), 347–363 (2000)
48. Z. He, J. Zhou, X. Lu, B. Corry, Ice-like water structure in carbon nanotube (8,8) induces
cationic hydration enhancement. J. Phys. Chem. C 117(21), 11412–11420 (2013)
49. K. Nakada, M. Fujita, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, Edge state in graphene ribbons:
nanometer size effect and edge shape dependence. Phys. Rev. B 54(24), 17954–17961 (1996)
50. C.Q. Sun, S.Y. Fu, Y.G. Nie, Dominance of broken bonds and unpaired nonbonding pielectrons in the band gap expansion and edge states generation in graphene nanoribbons. J.
Phys. Chem. C 112(48), 18927–18934 (2008)
51. V.S. Stepanyuk, A.N. Klavsyuk, L. Niebergall, P. Bruno, End electronic states in Cu chains
on Cu(111): ab initio calculations. Phys. Rev. B 72(15), 153407 (2005)
52. J.N. Crain, D.T. Pierce, End states in one-dimensional atom chains. Science 307(5710), 703–
706 (2005)
53. T. Fauster, C. Reuss, I.L. Shumay, M. Weinelt, F. Theilmann, A. Goldmann, Influence of
surface morphology on surface states for Cu on Cu(111). Phys. Rev. B 61(23), 16168–16173
(2000)
54. T. Eguchi, A. Kamoshida, M. Ono, M. Hamada, R. Shoda, T. Nishio, A. Harasawa, T. Okuda,
T. Kinoshita, Y. Hasegawa, Surface states of a Pd monolayer formed on a Au(111) surface
studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 74(7), 073406 (2006)