16
1 Introduction
is in the supersolid state. The supersolidity is characterized by the shorter and stiffer
H−O bond and longer and softer O:H nonbond, O1s energy entrapment, hydrated
electron polarization and the longer lifetime of photoelectrons and phonons. The
supersolid phase is less dense, elastoviscous, mechanically and thermally more stable with the hydrophobic and frictionless surface. The O:H−O bond cooperative
relaxation disperses outwardly the quasisolid phase boundary to raise the melting
point and meanwhile lower the freezing temperature of the quasisolid phase.
Chapter 12 concludes on advantages and attainments, limitations and precautions,
prospects and perspectives of the present electron emission exercise. Experiments
need to be done under ultra-high vacuum condition and applies only conductors
and semiconductors. Extension of this set of strategies to in situ monitoring skin and
molecular dynamics and to phonon and photon relaxation dynamics could contribute
significantly to engineering the coordination bonds and valence electrons. Here we
use the term of skin more often than surface, as the former is more appealing with
involvement of the thickness than the latter. This set of experimental, numerical and
theoretical strategies has provoked the present subject area of coordination and multifield resolved spectrometrics of bond-electron-phonon-phonon relaxation dynamics.
For readers’ convenience, each section starts with key points synopsizing discussions.
References
1. C.Q. Sun, Relaxation of the chemical bond. Springer Ser. Chem. Phys. 108, 807 (2014)
2. X.J. Liu, M.L. Bo, X. Zhang, L. Li, Y.G. Nie, H. Tian, Y. Sun, S. Xu, Y. Wang, W. Zheng,
C.Q. Sun, Coordination-resolved electron spectrometrics. Chem. Rev. 115(14), 6746–6810
(2015)
3. C.Q. Sun, Size dependence of nanostructures: impact of bond order deficiency. Prog. Solid
State Chem. 35(1), 1–159 (2007)
4. C.Q. Sun, Thermo-mechanical behavior of low-dimensional systems: the local bond average
approach. Prog. Mater Sci. 54(2), 179–307 (2009)
5. W.T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Underneath the fascinations of carbon nanotubes and graphene
nanoribbons. Energy Environ. Sci. 4(3), 627–655 (2011)
6. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, L. Niu, C.Q. Sun, From ice superlubricity to quantum friction:
electronic repulsivity and phononic elasticity. Friction 3(4), 294–319 (2015)
7. C.Q. Sun, Y. Sun, Y.G. Ni, X. Zhang, J.S. Pan, X.H. Wang, J. Zhou, L.T. Li, W.T. Zheng,
S.S. Yu, L.K. Pan, Z. Sun, Coulomb repulsion at the nanometer-sized contact: a force driving superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, superlubricity, and supersolidity. J. Phys. Chem. C
113(46), 20009–20019 (2009)
8. Z. Ma, Z. Zhou, Y. Huang, Y. Zhou, C. Sun, Mesoscopic superelasticity, superplasticity, and
superrigidity. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 55(6), 963–979 (2012)
9. C.Q. Sun, Dominance of broken bonds and nonbonding electrons at the nanoscale. Nanoscale
2(10), 1930–1961 (2010)
10. C.Q. Sun, Y.Q. Fu, B.B. Yan, J.H. Hsieh, S.P. Lau, X.W. Sun, B.K. Tay, Improving diamondmetal adhesion with graded TiCN interlayers. J. Appl. Phys. 91(4), 2051–2054 (2002)
11. N. Koch, A. Gerlach, S. Duhm, H. Glowatzki, G. Heimel, A. Vollmer, Y. Sakamoto, T.
Suzuki, J. Zegenhagen, J.P. Rabe, F. Schreiber, Adsorption-induced intramolecular dipole:
correlating molecular conformation and interface electronic structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
130(23), 7300–7304 (2008)
1 Introduction
is in the supersolid state. The supersolidity is characterized by the shorter and stiffer
H−O bond and longer and softer O:H nonbond, O1s energy entrapment, hydrated
electron polarization and the longer lifetime of photoelectrons and phonons. The
supersolid phase is less dense, elastoviscous, mechanically and thermally more stable with the hydrophobic and frictionless surface. The O:H−O bond cooperative
relaxation disperses outwardly the quasisolid phase boundary to raise the melting
point and meanwhile lower the freezing temperature of the quasisolid phase.
Chapter 12 concludes on advantages and attainments, limitations and precautions,
prospects and perspectives of the present electron emission exercise. Experiments
need to be done under ultra-high vacuum condition and applies only conductors
and semiconductors. Extension of this set of strategies to in situ monitoring skin and
molecular dynamics and to phonon and photon relaxation dynamics could contribute
significantly to engineering the coordination bonds and valence electrons. Here we
use the term of skin more often than surface, as the former is more appealing with
involvement of the thickness than the latter. This set of experimental, numerical and
theoretical strategies has provoked the present subject area of coordination and multifield resolved spectrometrics of bond-electron-phonon-phonon relaxation dynamics.
For readers’ convenience, each section starts with key points synopsizing discussions.
References
1. C.Q. Sun, Relaxation of the chemical bond. Springer Ser. Chem. Phys. 108, 807 (2014)
2. X.J. Liu, M.L. Bo, X. Zhang, L. Li, Y.G. Nie, H. Tian, Y. Sun, S. Xu, Y. Wang, W. Zheng,
C.Q. Sun, Coordination-resolved electron spectrometrics. Chem. Rev. 115(14), 6746–6810
(2015)
3. C.Q. Sun, Size dependence of nanostructures: impact of bond order deficiency. Prog. Solid
State Chem. 35(1), 1–159 (2007)
4. C.Q. Sun, Thermo-mechanical behavior of low-dimensional systems: the local bond average
approach. Prog. Mater Sci. 54(2), 179–307 (2009)
5. W.T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Underneath the fascinations of carbon nanotubes and graphene
nanoribbons. Energy Environ. Sci. 4(3), 627–655 (2011)
6. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, L. Niu, C.Q. Sun, From ice superlubricity to quantum friction:
electronic repulsivity and phononic elasticity. Friction 3(4), 294–319 (2015)
7. C.Q. Sun, Y. Sun, Y.G. Ni, X. Zhang, J.S. Pan, X.H. Wang, J. Zhou, L.T. Li, W.T. Zheng,
S.S. Yu, L.K. Pan, Z. Sun, Coulomb repulsion at the nanometer-sized contact: a force driving superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, superlubricity, and supersolidity. J. Phys. Chem. C
113(46), 20009–20019 (2009)
8. Z. Ma, Z. Zhou, Y. Huang, Y. Zhou, C. Sun, Mesoscopic superelasticity, superplasticity, and
superrigidity. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 55(6), 963–979 (2012)
9. C.Q. Sun, Dominance of broken bonds and nonbonding electrons at the nanoscale. Nanoscale
2(10), 1930–1961 (2010)
10. C.Q. Sun, Y.Q. Fu, B.B. Yan, J.H. Hsieh, S.P. Lau, X.W. Sun, B.K. Tay, Improving diamondmetal adhesion with graded TiCN interlayers. J. Appl. Phys. 91(4), 2051–2054 (2002)
11. N. Koch, A. Gerlach, S. Duhm, H. Glowatzki, G. Heimel, A. Vollmer, Y. Sakamoto, T.
Suzuki, J. Zegenhagen, J.P. Rabe, F. Schreiber, Adsorption-induced intramolecular dipole:
correlating molecular conformation and interface electronic structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc.
130(23), 7300–7304 (2008)