18.6 Summary
359
spectral features that can be understood as the development of interaction between
the nonbonding lone pairs and the lone pair induced Cu
p . The annealing provides a
force to de-hybridize the oxygen, reducing the DCu x and the lone pair DOS features
rather than enhancing the bond formation.
A consistent understanding of the bonding kinetics and the corresponding variation of valence DOS has thus been obtained through both the bond-geometry and
the z 0 (E) profiles, which further evidence that the modeling approaches are complete
and realistic. The VLEED technique is unique and powerful in revealing dynamic
and quantitative information on the valence DOS, SPB, and the bond formation at
the surface.
References
1. T. Fujita, Y. Okawa, Y. Matsumoto, K.-I. Tanaka, Phase boundaries of nanometer scale c (2 ×
2)-O domains on the Cu (100) surface. Phys. Rev. B 54(3), 2167 (1996)
2. F. Jensen, F. Besenbacher, E. Laegsgaard, I. Stensgaard, Dynamics of oxygen-induced reconstruction on Cu(100) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 42(14),
9206–9209 (1990)
3. C. Hitchen, S. Thurgate, P. Jennings, A LEED fine structure study of oxygen adsorption on
Cu(001) and Cu(111). Aust. J. Phys. 43(5), 519–534 (1990)
4. C.Q. Sun, Exposure-resolved VLEED from the O-Cu(001): bonding dynamics. Vacuum 48(6),
535–541 (1997)
5. M. Wuttig, R. Franchy, H. Ibach, Structural models for the Cu(100)(2 × 22) R45°-O phase.
Surf. Sci. 224(1), L979–L982 (1989)
6. H. Zeng, K. Mitchell, Further LEED investigations of missing row models for the Cu(100)-(22
× 2) R45°-O surface structure. Surf. Sci. 239(3), L571–L578 (1990)
7. F.M. Chua, Y. Kuk, P.J. Silverman, Oxygen chemisorption on Cu(110): an atomic view by
scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63(4), 386–389 (1989)
8. C.Q. Sun, C.L. Bai, Modelling of non-uniform electrical potential barriers for metal surfaces
with chemisorbed oxygen. J. Phys. Condensed Matter 9(27), 5823–5836 (1997)
9. C.Q. Sun, Oxidation electronics: bond-band-barrier correlation and its applications. Prog. Mater
Sci. 48(6), 521–685 (2003)
10. C.Q. Sun, Time-resolved VLEED from the O-Cu(001): atomic processes of oxidation. Vacuum
48(6), 525–530 (1997)
11. C.Q. Sun, H. Xie, W. Zhang, H. Ye, P. Hing, Preferential oxidation of diamond {111}. J. Phys.
D Appl. Phys. 33(17), 2196–2199 (2000)
12. C.Q. Sun, S. Li, Oxygen-derived DOS features in the valence band of metals. Surf. Rev. Lett.
7(3), 213–217 (2000)
359
spectral features that can be understood as the development of interaction between
the nonbonding lone pairs and the lone pair induced Cu
p . The annealing provides a
force to de-hybridize the oxygen, reducing the DCu x and the lone pair DOS features
rather than enhancing the bond formation.
A consistent understanding of the bonding kinetics and the corresponding variation of valence DOS has thus been obtained through both the bond-geometry and
the z 0 (E) profiles, which further evidence that the modeling approaches are complete
and realistic. The VLEED technique is unique and powerful in revealing dynamic
and quantitative information on the valence DOS, SPB, and the bond formation at
the surface.
References
1. T. Fujita, Y. Okawa, Y. Matsumoto, K.-I. Tanaka, Phase boundaries of nanometer scale c (2 ×
2)-O domains on the Cu (100) surface. Phys. Rev. B 54(3), 2167 (1996)
2. F. Jensen, F. Besenbacher, E. Laegsgaard, I. Stensgaard, Dynamics of oxygen-induced reconstruction on Cu(100) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 42(14),
9206–9209 (1990)
3. C. Hitchen, S. Thurgate, P. Jennings, A LEED fine structure study of oxygen adsorption on
Cu(001) and Cu(111). Aust. J. Phys. 43(5), 519–534 (1990)
4. C.Q. Sun, Exposure-resolved VLEED from the O-Cu(001): bonding dynamics. Vacuum 48(6),
535–541 (1997)
5. M. Wuttig, R. Franchy, H. Ibach, Structural models for the Cu(100)(2 × 22) R45°-O phase.
Surf. Sci. 224(1), L979–L982 (1989)
6. H. Zeng, K. Mitchell, Further LEED investigations of missing row models for the Cu(100)-(22
× 2) R45°-O surface structure. Surf. Sci. 239(3), L571–L578 (1990)
7. F.M. Chua, Y. Kuk, P.J. Silverman, Oxygen chemisorption on Cu(110): an atomic view by
scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63(4), 386–389 (1989)
8. C.Q. Sun, C.L. Bai, Modelling of non-uniform electrical potential barriers for metal surfaces
with chemisorbed oxygen. J. Phys. Condensed Matter 9(27), 5823–5836 (1997)
9. C.Q. Sun, Oxidation electronics: bond-band-barrier correlation and its applications. Prog. Mater
Sci. 48(6), 521–685 (2003)
10. C.Q. Sun, Time-resolved VLEED from the O-Cu(001): atomic processes of oxidation. Vacuum
48(6), 525–530 (1997)
11. C.Q. Sun, H. Xie, W. Zhang, H. Ye, P. Hing, Preferential oxidation of diamond {111}. J. Phys.
D Appl. Phys. 33(17), 2196–2199 (2000)
12. C.Q. Sun, S. Li, Oxygen-derived DOS features in the valence band of metals. Surf. Rev. Lett.
7(3), 213–217 (2000)