References
295
References
1. R. Jones, P.J. Jennings, O. Jepsen, Surface barrier in metals: a new model with application to
W (001). Phys. Rev. B 29(12), 6474 (1984)
2. G. Hitchen, S. Thurgate, P. Jennings, Determination of the surface-potential barrier of Cu(001)
from low-energy-electron-diffraction fine structure. Phys. Rev. B 44(8), 3939 (1991)
3. S.M. Thurgate, C. Sun, Very-low-energy electron-diffraction analysis of oxygen on Cu(001).
Phys. Rev. B 51(4), 2410–2417 (1995)
4. P. Jennings, S. Thurgate, G. Price, The analysis of LEED fine structure. Appl. Surf. Sci. 13(1),
180–189 (1982)
5. A. Ermakov, E. Ciftlikli, S. Syssoev, I. Shuttleworth, B. Hinch, A surface work function measurement technique utilizing constant deflected grazing electron trajectories: Oxygen uptake
on Cu(001). Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(10), 105109 (2010)
6. N.V. Smith, Phase analysis of image states and surface states associated with nearly-freeelectron band gaps. Phys. Rev. B 32(6), 3549 (1985)
7. J. Inkson, The effective exchange and correlation potential for metal surfaces. J. Phys. F: Met.
Phys. 3(12), 2143 (1973)
8. G. Malmström, J. Rundgren, A program for calculation of the reflection and transmission of
electrons through a surface potential barrier. Comput. Phys. Commun. 19(2), 263–270 (1980)
9. M. Lindroos, H. Pfnür, D. Menzel, Theoretical and experimental study of the unoccupied
electronic band structure of Ru (001) by electron reflection. Phys. Rev. B 33(10), 6684 (1986)
10. C. Bai, Scanning tunneling microscopy and its application. vol. 32 (Springer, 2000)
11. H. Rotermund, Investigation of dynamic processes in adsorbed layers by photoemission
electron microscopy (PEEM). Surf. Sci. 283(1), 87–100 (1993)
12. U. Döbler, K. Baberschke, J. Stöhr, D. Outka, Structure of c (2 × 2) oxygen on Cu(100): A
surface extended X-ray absorption fine-structure study. Phys. Rev. B 31(4), 2532 (1985)
13. G. Ertl, Reactions at well-defined surfaces. Surf. Sci. 299, 742–754 (1994)
14. W. Jacob, V. Dose, A. Goldmann, Atomic adsorption of oxygen on Cu(111) and Cu(110). Appl.
Phys. A 41(2), 145–150 (1986)
15. Y. Kuk, F. Chua, P. Silverman, J. Meyer, O chemisorption on Cu(110) by scanning tunneling
microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 41(18), 12393 (1990)
16. J. Nørskov, Theory of adsorption and adsorbate-induced reconstruction. Surf. Sci. 299, 690–705
(1994)
17. K.W. Jacobsen, Theory of the oxygen-induced restructuring of Cu(110) and Cu(100) surfaces.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 65(14), 1788 (1990)
18. H. Zeng, K. Mitchell, Further LEED investigations of missing row models for the Cu(100) −
(22 × 2) R45°-O surface structure. Surf. Sci. 239(3), L571–L578 (1990)
19. N. Lang, Vacuum tunneling current from an adsorbed atom. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55(2), 230 (1985)
20. T.N. Rhodin, G. Ertl, The nature of the surface chemical bond (North-Holland Publishing
Company: Sole Distributor for the USA and Canada Elsevier, North-Holland, 1979)
21. F. Besenbacher, J.K. Nørskov, Oxygen chemisorption on metal surfaces: general trends for Cu,
Ni and Ag. Prog. Surf. Sci. 44(1), 5–66 (1993)
22. M. Van Hove, G. Somorjai, Adsorption and adsorbate-induced restructuring: a LEED
perspective. Surf. Sci. 299, 487–501 (1994)
23. C.Q. Sun, O–Cu(001): II. VLEED quantification of the four-stage Cu 3 O 2 bonding kinetics.
Surf. Rev. Lett. 8(6): 703–734 (2001)
24. C.Q. Sun, O–Cu(001): I. Binding the signatures of LEED, STM and PES in a bond-forming
way. Surf. Rev. Lett. 8(3–4): 367-402 (2001)
25. L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd edn. (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY,
1960)
26. C.Q. Sun, C.L. Bai, A model of bonding between oxygen and metal surfaces. J. Phys. Chem.
Solids 58(6), 903–912 (1997)
27. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, Y. Zhou, W. Zheng, J. Zhou, C.Q. Sun, A common supersolid skin
covering both water and ice. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(42), 22987–22994 (2014)
295
References
1. R. Jones, P.J. Jennings, O. Jepsen, Surface barrier in metals: a new model with application to
W (001). Phys. Rev. B 29(12), 6474 (1984)
2. G. Hitchen, S. Thurgate, P. Jennings, Determination of the surface-potential barrier of Cu(001)
from low-energy-electron-diffraction fine structure. Phys. Rev. B 44(8), 3939 (1991)
3. S.M. Thurgate, C. Sun, Very-low-energy electron-diffraction analysis of oxygen on Cu(001).
Phys. Rev. B 51(4), 2410–2417 (1995)
4. P. Jennings, S. Thurgate, G. Price, The analysis of LEED fine structure. Appl. Surf. Sci. 13(1),
180–189 (1982)
5. A. Ermakov, E. Ciftlikli, S. Syssoev, I. Shuttleworth, B. Hinch, A surface work function measurement technique utilizing constant deflected grazing electron trajectories: Oxygen uptake
on Cu(001). Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81(10), 105109 (2010)
6. N.V. Smith, Phase analysis of image states and surface states associated with nearly-freeelectron band gaps. Phys. Rev. B 32(6), 3549 (1985)
7. J. Inkson, The effective exchange and correlation potential for metal surfaces. J. Phys. F: Met.
Phys. 3(12), 2143 (1973)
8. G. Malmström, J. Rundgren, A program for calculation of the reflection and transmission of
electrons through a surface potential barrier. Comput. Phys. Commun. 19(2), 263–270 (1980)
9. M. Lindroos, H. Pfnür, D. Menzel, Theoretical and experimental study of the unoccupied
electronic band structure of Ru (001) by electron reflection. Phys. Rev. B 33(10), 6684 (1986)
10. C. Bai, Scanning tunneling microscopy and its application. vol. 32 (Springer, 2000)
11. H. Rotermund, Investigation of dynamic processes in adsorbed layers by photoemission
electron microscopy (PEEM). Surf. Sci. 283(1), 87–100 (1993)
12. U. Döbler, K. Baberschke, J. Stöhr, D. Outka, Structure of c (2 × 2) oxygen on Cu(100): A
surface extended X-ray absorption fine-structure study. Phys. Rev. B 31(4), 2532 (1985)
13. G. Ertl, Reactions at well-defined surfaces. Surf. Sci. 299, 742–754 (1994)
14. W. Jacob, V. Dose, A. Goldmann, Atomic adsorption of oxygen on Cu(111) and Cu(110). Appl.
Phys. A 41(2), 145–150 (1986)
15. Y. Kuk, F. Chua, P. Silverman, J. Meyer, O chemisorption on Cu(110) by scanning tunneling
microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 41(18), 12393 (1990)
16. J. Nørskov, Theory of adsorption and adsorbate-induced reconstruction. Surf. Sci. 299, 690–705
(1994)
17. K.W. Jacobsen, Theory of the oxygen-induced restructuring of Cu(110) and Cu(100) surfaces.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 65(14), 1788 (1990)
18. H. Zeng, K. Mitchell, Further LEED investigations of missing row models for the Cu(100) −
(22 × 2) R45°-O surface structure. Surf. Sci. 239(3), L571–L578 (1990)
19. N. Lang, Vacuum tunneling current from an adsorbed atom. Phys. Rev. Lett. 55(2), 230 (1985)
20. T.N. Rhodin, G. Ertl, The nature of the surface chemical bond (North-Holland Publishing
Company: Sole Distributor for the USA and Canada Elsevier, North-Holland, 1979)
21. F. Besenbacher, J.K. Nørskov, Oxygen chemisorption on metal surfaces: general trends for Cu,
Ni and Ag. Prog. Surf. Sci. 44(1), 5–66 (1993)
22. M. Van Hove, G. Somorjai, Adsorption and adsorbate-induced restructuring: a LEED
perspective. Surf. Sci. 299, 487–501 (1994)
23. C.Q. Sun, O–Cu(001): II. VLEED quantification of the four-stage Cu 3 O 2 bonding kinetics.
Surf. Rev. Lett. 8(6): 703–734 (2001)
24. C.Q. Sun, O–Cu(001): I. Binding the signatures of LEED, STM and PES in a bond-forming
way. Surf. Rev. Lett. 8(3–4): 367-402 (2001)
25. L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd edn. (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY,
1960)
26. C.Q. Sun, C.L. Bai, A model of bonding between oxygen and metal surfaces. J. Phys. Chem.
Solids 58(6), 903–912 (1997)
27. X. Zhang, Y. Huang, Z. Ma, Y. Zhou, W. Zheng, J. Zhou, C.Q. Sun, A common supersolid skin
covering both water and ice. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(42), 22987–22994 (2014)