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44. C.Q. Sun, Dominance of broken bonds and nonbonding electrons at the nanoscale. Nanoscale
2(10), 1930–1961 (2010)
45. W. Zheng, J. Zhou, C.Q. Sun, Purified rhodium edge states: undercoordination-induced
quantum entrapment and polarization. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12(39), 12494–12498 (2010)
46. Y.G. Nie, X. Zhang, S.Z. Ma, Y. Wang, J.S. Pan, C.Q. Sun, XPS revelation of tungsten edges
as a potential donor-type catalyst. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13(27), 12640–12645 (2011)
47. D.M. Riffe, B. Kim, J.L. Erskine, Surface core-level shifts and atomic coordination at a stepped
W(110) surface. Phys. Rev. B 50(19), 14481–14488 (1994)
48. Y. Wang, X. Zhang, Y.G. Nie, C.Q. Sun, Under-coordinated atoms induced local strain, quantum
trap depression and valence charge polarization at W stepped surfaces. Phys. B-Condensed
Matter 407(1), 49–53 (2012)
49. X. Zhang, Y.G. Nie, W.T. Zheng, J.L. Kuo, C.Q. Sun, Discriminative generation and hydrogen
modulation of the Dirac-Fermi polarons at graphene edges and atomic vacancies. Carbon
49(11), 3615–3621 (2011)
50. W. Zhou, M. Bo, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, C. Li, C.Q. Sun, Local bond-electron-energy relaxation
of Mo atomic clusters and solid skins RSC. Advances 5, 29663–29668 (2015)
51. M. Asscher, J. Carrazza, M. Khan, K. Lewis, G. Somorjai, The ammonia synthesis over rhenium
single-crystal catalysts: kinetics, structure sensitivity, and effect of potassium and oxygen. J.
Catal. 98(2), 277–287 (1986)
52. A.S.Y. Chan, W. Chen, H. Wang, J.E. Rowe, T.E. Madey, Methanol reactions over oxygenmodified re surfaces: influence of surface structure and oxidation. J. Phys. Chem. B 108(38),
14643–14651 (2004)
53. R. Ducros, J. Fusy, Core level binding energy shifts of rhenium surface atoms for a clean and
oxygenated surface. J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 42(4), 305–312 (1987)
54. B. Johansson, N. Martensson, Core-level binding-energy shifts for the metallic elements. Phys.
Rev. B 21(10), 4427–4457 (1980)
55. D. Spanjaard, C. Guillot, M.-C. Desjonquères, G. Tréglia, J. Lecante, Surface core level spectroscopy of transition metals: a new tool for the determination of their surface structure. Surf.
Sci. Rep. 5(1–2), 1–85 (1985)
56. H. Wang, A.S.Y. Chan, W. Chen, P. Kaghazchi, T. Jacob, T.E. Madey, Facet stability in oxygeninduced nanofaceting of Re(1231). ACS Nano 1(5), 449–455 (2007)
57. Y.G. Nie, J.S. Pan, W.T. Zheng, J. Zhou, C.Q. Sun, Atomic scale purification of Re surface kink
states with and without oxygen chemisorption. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(15), 7450–7455 (2011)
58. C.Q. Sun, Oxidation electronics: bond-band-barrier correlation and its applications. Prog. Mater
Sci. 48(6), 521–685 (2003)