10 Superior Types of Bamboo as a Construction Material with MCDM …
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is an alternative to CCA, but because of the boron degree of fixation is lower, is
less effective. Zinc-Chrome it is a refractory preservative designed to protect the
material from fire and provides good protection against insects. However, bamboo
can absorb moisture from the air and will give a wet look during the rainy season.
There is another types of preservatives as creosote, Light Organic Solvent-based
Preservatives (LOSP), Trichlorophenol (TCP), Copper/Zinc soaps (Patel 2015).
Drying bamboo is a lengthy process because this material easily absorbs moistur,
defined as a hygroscopic material. Humidity is 50–60%, which can also depend on
the climatic conditions in which the bamboo is cut down as well as the type of
bamboo. During the drying process, the diameter of the bamboo can be reduced by
10–16%, and the wall thickness by 15–17% (Schröder November 12, 2012).
The usual and well-known method of drying bamboo is “drying in the air.” After
chemical treatment, all bamboo is laid and stored under a canopy or under a roof.
Bamboo supposed to be protected from direct contact with the groung, avoid humudity, insects and infection with fungus. One of the main part is to avoid direct sunlight,
or the bamboo may crack, but if the bamboo is divided into parts, then it can be dried
under the sun. There should be a circulation of air in a room with bamboo. The
vertical packing gives the bamboo to dry for a shorter period and is less defeated by a
fungal attack. However, it is worthwhile to follow the poles so that there is no curvature or provide a good support system. Horizontal laying is usually used for large
batches of bamboo, they are laid on large sheets, and sheets can consist of plastic or
glass, or use dividers. The lower bamboo batch can crack from the weight, for this,
it is laid not in large layers and carefully checked. Every 15 days, bamboo should be
turned in the longitudinal direction, for even drying. The method of air-drying takes
from 6 to 12 weeks. This may depend on the humidity of the bamboo, the thickness
(Schröder November 12, 2012).
Drying bamboo takes a lot of time, because this material easily absorbs moisture,
it is called a hygroscopic material. Humidity is 50−60%, it can also depend on
the climatic conditions of cutting down and the type of bamboo. During the drying
process, the diameter of the bamboo can be reduced from 10 to 16%, and the wall
thickness from 15 to 17% (Schröder November 12, 2012).
Post-harvesting transpiration. Transpiration is the process of movement and
evaporation of 99% of water from a plant through leaves and stems. The traditional
method of drying bamboo, is used by farmers and indigenous communities. The
drying process takes place on a bamboo plantation, in order to avoid contact with the
soil, the cut bamboo is placed on a stone and leaned against another bamboo. Attached
to each other for 3−4 weeks, the bamboo begins to lose its moisture (Schröder
November 12, 2012).
Kiln oven drying. The drying kiln method is suitable only for bamboo split, the
process quickly dries out pieces of bamboo. However, this method is not suitable for
whole bamboo, as high temperature gives cracks in the bamboo (Schröder November
12, 2012).
73
is an alternative to CCA, but because of the boron degree of fixation is lower, is
less effective. Zinc-Chrome it is a refractory preservative designed to protect the
material from fire and provides good protection against insects. However, bamboo
can absorb moisture from the air and will give a wet look during the rainy season.
There is another types of preservatives as creosote, Light Organic Solvent-based
Preservatives (LOSP), Trichlorophenol (TCP), Copper/Zinc soaps (Patel 2015).
Drying bamboo is a lengthy process because this material easily absorbs moistur,
defined as a hygroscopic material. Humidity is 50–60%, which can also depend on
the climatic conditions in which the bamboo is cut down as well as the type of
bamboo. During the drying process, the diameter of the bamboo can be reduced by
10–16%, and the wall thickness by 15–17% (Schröder November 12, 2012).
The usual and well-known method of drying bamboo is “drying in the air.” After
chemical treatment, all bamboo is laid and stored under a canopy or under a roof.
Bamboo supposed to be protected from direct contact with the groung, avoid humudity, insects and infection with fungus. One of the main part is to avoid direct sunlight,
or the bamboo may crack, but if the bamboo is divided into parts, then it can be dried
under the sun. There should be a circulation of air in a room with bamboo. The
vertical packing gives the bamboo to dry for a shorter period and is less defeated by a
fungal attack. However, it is worthwhile to follow the poles so that there is no curvature or provide a good support system. Horizontal laying is usually used for large
batches of bamboo, they are laid on large sheets, and sheets can consist of plastic or
glass, or use dividers. The lower bamboo batch can crack from the weight, for this,
it is laid not in large layers and carefully checked. Every 15 days, bamboo should be
turned in the longitudinal direction, for even drying. The method of air-drying takes
from 6 to 12 weeks. This may depend on the humidity of the bamboo, the thickness
(Schröder November 12, 2012).
Drying bamboo takes a lot of time, because this material easily absorbs moisture,
it is called a hygroscopic material. Humidity is 50−60%, it can also depend on
the climatic conditions of cutting down and the type of bamboo. During the drying
process, the diameter of the bamboo can be reduced from 10 to 16%, and the wall
thickness from 15 to 17% (Schröder November 12, 2012).
Post-harvesting transpiration. Transpiration is the process of movement and
evaporation of 99% of water from a plant through leaves and stems. The traditional
method of drying bamboo, is used by farmers and indigenous communities. The
drying process takes place on a bamboo plantation, in order to avoid contact with the
soil, the cut bamboo is placed on a stone and leaned against another bamboo. Attached
to each other for 3−4 weeks, the bamboo begins to lose its moisture (Schröder
November 12, 2012).
Kiln oven drying. The drying kiln method is suitable only for bamboo split, the
process quickly dries out pieces of bamboo. However, this method is not suitable for
whole bamboo, as high temperature gives cracks in the bamboo (Schröder November
12, 2012).