16 Comparative Analysis for Irrigation Water Application Methods …
171
Table 16.4 Distance of
alternative methods from the
positive ideal solution
d
+
i
and the negative ideal
solution
d
−
i
d
+
i
d
−
i
d
+
i + d
−
i
Sprinkler
0.1330
0.0817
0.2147
Drip
0.1300
0.0644
0.1944
Furrow
0.0938
0.0982
0.1920
Boarder
0.0914
0.0991
0.1905
Basin
0.0822
0.1285
0.2107
Table 16.5 Relative
closeness to the positive ideal
solution for each of the
alternative methods
Ranking
Methods
R i
1
Basin
0.6097
2
Boarder
0.5201
3
Furrow
0.5114
4
Sprinkler
0.3806
5
Drip
0.3312
References
Arora VK (2014) Managing water crisis for sustainable crop productivity in Punjab: an overview. J
Res (Punjab Agric. University) 45:17–21. (November). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4097.6001
Bjorneberg DL (2013) Author’ s personal copy IRRIGATION| methods ✩, reference module in
earth systems and environmental sciences. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409
548-9.05195-2
Khanna M, Malano HM (2006) Modelling of basin irrigation systems : a review modelling of basin
irrigation systems: a review , (May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.10.003
Kumar S, Vishal Kumar RKS (2012) Fundamentals of agricultural engineering. Kalyani 2012
Miao Q, Shi H, Gonçalves JM (2018) Basin irrigation design with multi-criteria analysis focusing
on water saving and economic returns : application to wheat in Hetao. Yellow River Basin. https://
doi.org/10.3390/w10010067
NRCS (2012) Surface IRRIGATION. In: National engineering handbook (Chap 4), Washington,
DC, USDA
NRCS (2013) Microirrigation. In: Part 623 Irrigation national engineering handbook (Chap 7),
Washington, DC USDA
NRCS (2016) Sprinkler irrigation. In: Nation engineering handbook (Chap 11), Washington, DC;
USDA
Nuhu M et al (2020) Evaluation of wastewater treatment technologies using TOPSIS. 177(May
2019), 416–422. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25172
Phocaides A (2007) Handbook on pressurized irrigation techniques. In: Food and agriculture
organisation of the United Nations
Zerihun D, Sanchez CA, Yitayew M (2013) Analysis and design of border irrigation systems’ (May
2014). https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.20009
171
Table 16.4 Distance of
alternative methods from the
positive ideal solution
d
+
i
and the negative ideal
solution
d
−
i
d
+
i
d
−
i
d
+
i + d
−
i
Sprinkler
0.1330
0.0817
0.2147
Drip
0.1300
0.0644
0.1944
Furrow
0.0938
0.0982
0.1920
Boarder
0.0914
0.0991
0.1905
Basin
0.0822
0.1285
0.2107
Table 16.5 Relative
closeness to the positive ideal
solution for each of the
alternative methods
Ranking
Methods
R i
1
Basin
0.6097
2
Boarder
0.5201
3
Furrow
0.5114
4
Sprinkler
0.3806
5
Drip
0.3312
References
Arora VK (2014) Managing water crisis for sustainable crop productivity in Punjab: an overview. J
Res (Punjab Agric. University) 45:17–21. (November). https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4097.6001
Bjorneberg DL (2013) Author’ s personal copy IRRIGATION| methods ✩, reference module in
earth systems and environmental sciences. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409
548-9.05195-2
Khanna M, Malano HM (2006) Modelling of basin irrigation systems : a review modelling of basin
irrigation systems: a review , (May). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.10.003
Kumar S, Vishal Kumar RKS (2012) Fundamentals of agricultural engineering. Kalyani 2012
Miao Q, Shi H, Gonçalves JM (2018) Basin irrigation design with multi-criteria analysis focusing
on water saving and economic returns : application to wheat in Hetao. Yellow River Basin. https://
doi.org/10.3390/w10010067
NRCS (2012) Surface IRRIGATION. In: National engineering handbook (Chap 4), Washington,
DC, USDA
NRCS (2013) Microirrigation. In: Part 623 Irrigation national engineering handbook (Chap 7),
Washington, DC USDA
NRCS (2016) Sprinkler irrigation. In: Nation engineering handbook (Chap 11), Washington, DC;
USDA
Nuhu M et al (2020) Evaluation of wastewater treatment technologies using TOPSIS. 177(May
2019), 416–422. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25172
Phocaides A (2007) Handbook on pressurized irrigation techniques. In: Food and agriculture
organisation of the United Nations
Zerihun D, Sanchez CA, Yitayew M (2013) Analysis and design of border irrigation systems’ (May
2014). https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.20009