1 3
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:1
30. Kobayashi S, Manabe K (2005) Lewis acid catalysis in aqueous media in stimulating concept in
chemistry. Wiley Prof Fritz Vögtle Prof J Fraser Stoddart Prof Masakatsu Shibasaki Eds, Wiley,
New York
31. Kobayashi S, Sugiura M, Kitagawa H, Lam WLW (2002) Rare-earth metal triflates in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 102(6):2227–2302
32. Kobayashi S, Ogawa C (2006) New entries to water-compatible Lewis acids. Chem Eur J
12:5945–5960
33. Kobayashi S, Nagayama S, Busujima T (1998) Lewis acid catalysts stable in water. Correlation
between catalytic activity in water and hydrolysis constants and exchange rate constants for substitution of inner-sphere water ligands. J Am Chem Soc 120(32):8287–8288
34. Baes CF, Mesmer RE (1976) The hydrolysis of cations. Wiley, New York
35. Ollevier T (2013) New trends in bismuth-catalyzed synthetic transformations. Org Biomol Chem
11:2740–2755
36. Surya Prakash GK, Mathew T, Olah GA (2012) Gallium(III) triflate: an efficient and a sustainable
Lewis acid catalyst for organic synthetic transformations. Acc Chem Res 45(4):565–577
37. Sameera WMC, Hatanaka M, Kitanosono T, Kobayashi S, Morokuma K (2015) The mechanism
of iron(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction in aqueous media: density functional
theory and artificial force-induced reaction study. J Am Chem Soc 137(34):11085–11094
38. Donslund BS, Johansen TK, Poulsen PH, Halskov KS, Jørgensen KA (2015) The diarylprolinol
silyl ethers: ten years after. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(47):13860–13874
39. Samulis L, Tomkinson NCO (2011) Preparation of the MacMillan imidazolidinones. Tetrahedron
67(23):4263–4267
40. Mahrwald R (2013) Chiral imidazolidinone (MacMillan’s) catalyst. In: Dalko PI (ed) Comprehensive enantioselective organocatalysis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
41. Austin JF, MacMillan DWC (2002) Enantioselective organocatalytic indole alkylations. Design of
a new and highly effective chiral amine for iminium catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 124(7):1172–1173
42. Nicewicz D, MacMillan DWC (2008) Merging photoredox catalysis with organocatalysis: the
direct asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes. Science 322(5898):77–80
43. Da Gama Oliveira V, do Carmo Cardoso MF, da Silva Magalães Forezi (2018) Organocatalysis: a
brief overview on its evolutions and applications. Catalysis 8(12):605–634
44. Giacalone F, Gruttadauria M, Agrigento P, Noto R (2012) Low-loading asymmetric organocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 41(6):2406–2447
45. Leonov AI, Timofeeva DS, Ofial AR, Mayr H (2019) Metal enolates—enamines—enol ethers:
how do enolate equivalents differ in nucleophilic reactivity? Synthesis 51(5):1157–1170
46. Mayr H, Lakhdar S, Maji B, Ofial AR (2012) A quantitative approach to nucleophilic organocatalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 8:1458–1478
47. Lakhdar S, Maji B, Mayr H (2012) Imidazolidinone-derived enamines: nucleophiles with low reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(23):5739–5742
48. Beeson TD, MacMillan DWC (2005) Enantioselective organocatalytic α-fluorination of aldehydes.
J Am Chem Soc 127(24):8826–8828
49. Brochu MP, Brown SP, MacMillan DWC (2004) Direct and enantioselective organocatalytic
α-chlorination of aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 126(13):4108–4109
50. Kandasamy S, Notz W, Bui T, Barbas CF III (2001) Amino acid catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol
reactions: a bioorganic approach to catalytic asymmetric carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. J
Am Chem Soc 123(22):5260–5267
51. Northrup AB, MacMillan DWC (2002) The first direct and enantioselective cross-aldol reaction of
aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 124(24):6798–6799
52. Storer RI, MacMillan DWC (2004) Enantioselective organocatalytic aldehyde–aldehyde crossaldolcouplings. The broad utility of a-thioacetal aldehydes. Tetrahedron 60(35):7705–7714
53. Darbre T, Machuqueiro M (2003) Zn-proline catalyzed direct aldol reaction in aqueous media.
Chem Commun 0(9):1090–1091
54. Fernandez-Lopez R, Kofoed J, Machuqueiro M (2005) Darbre T (2005) A selective direct aldol
reaction in aqueous media catalyzed by zinc-proline. Eur J Org Chem 24:5268–5276
55. Kofoed J, Reymond JL, Darbre T (2005) Prebiotic carbohydrate synthesis: zinc-proline catalyzes direct aqueous aldol reactions of α-hydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Org Biomol Chem
3(10):1850–1855
56. Kofoed J, Darbre T, Reymond JL (2006) Dual mechanism of zinc-proline catalyzed aldol reactions
in water. Chem Commun 14:1482–1484
Reprinted from the journal
61
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:1
30. Kobayashi S, Manabe K (2005) Lewis acid catalysis in aqueous media in stimulating concept in
chemistry. Wiley Prof Fritz Vögtle Prof J Fraser Stoddart Prof Masakatsu Shibasaki Eds, Wiley,
New York
31. Kobayashi S, Sugiura M, Kitagawa H, Lam WLW (2002) Rare-earth metal triflates in organic synthesis. Chem Rev 102(6):2227–2302
32. Kobayashi S, Ogawa C (2006) New entries to water-compatible Lewis acids. Chem Eur J
12:5945–5960
33. Kobayashi S, Nagayama S, Busujima T (1998) Lewis acid catalysts stable in water. Correlation
between catalytic activity in water and hydrolysis constants and exchange rate constants for substitution of inner-sphere water ligands. J Am Chem Soc 120(32):8287–8288
34. Baes CF, Mesmer RE (1976) The hydrolysis of cations. Wiley, New York
35. Ollevier T (2013) New trends in bismuth-catalyzed synthetic transformations. Org Biomol Chem
11:2740–2755
36. Surya Prakash GK, Mathew T, Olah GA (2012) Gallium(III) triflate: an efficient and a sustainable
Lewis acid catalyst for organic synthetic transformations. Acc Chem Res 45(4):565–577
37. Sameera WMC, Hatanaka M, Kitanosono T, Kobayashi S, Morokuma K (2015) The mechanism
of iron(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction in aqueous media: density functional
theory and artificial force-induced reaction study. J Am Chem Soc 137(34):11085–11094
38. Donslund BS, Johansen TK, Poulsen PH, Halskov KS, Jørgensen KA (2015) The diarylprolinol
silyl ethers: ten years after. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(47):13860–13874
39. Samulis L, Tomkinson NCO (2011) Preparation of the MacMillan imidazolidinones. Tetrahedron
67(23):4263–4267
40. Mahrwald R (2013) Chiral imidazolidinone (MacMillan’s) catalyst. In: Dalko PI (ed) Comprehensive enantioselective organocatalysis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
41. Austin JF, MacMillan DWC (2002) Enantioselective organocatalytic indole alkylations. Design of
a new and highly effective chiral amine for iminium catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 124(7):1172–1173
42. Nicewicz D, MacMillan DWC (2008) Merging photoredox catalysis with organocatalysis: the
direct asymmetric alkylation of aldehydes. Science 322(5898):77–80
43. Da Gama Oliveira V, do Carmo Cardoso MF, da Silva Magalães Forezi (2018) Organocatalysis: a
brief overview on its evolutions and applications. Catalysis 8(12):605–634
44. Giacalone F, Gruttadauria M, Agrigento P, Noto R (2012) Low-loading asymmetric organocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 41(6):2406–2447
45. Leonov AI, Timofeeva DS, Ofial AR, Mayr H (2019) Metal enolates—enamines—enol ethers:
how do enolate equivalents differ in nucleophilic reactivity? Synthesis 51(5):1157–1170
46. Mayr H, Lakhdar S, Maji B, Ofial AR (2012) A quantitative approach to nucleophilic organocatalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 8:1458–1478
47. Lakhdar S, Maji B, Mayr H (2012) Imidazolidinone-derived enamines: nucleophiles with low reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(23):5739–5742
48. Beeson TD, MacMillan DWC (2005) Enantioselective organocatalytic α-fluorination of aldehydes.
J Am Chem Soc 127(24):8826–8828
49. Brochu MP, Brown SP, MacMillan DWC (2004) Direct and enantioselective organocatalytic
α-chlorination of aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 126(13):4108–4109
50. Kandasamy S, Notz W, Bui T, Barbas CF III (2001) Amino acid catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol
reactions: a bioorganic approach to catalytic asymmetric carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions. J
Am Chem Soc 123(22):5260–5267
51. Northrup AB, MacMillan DWC (2002) The first direct and enantioselective cross-aldol reaction of
aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 124(24):6798–6799
52. Storer RI, MacMillan DWC (2004) Enantioselective organocatalytic aldehyde–aldehyde crossaldolcouplings. The broad utility of a-thioacetal aldehydes. Tetrahedron 60(35):7705–7714
53. Darbre T, Machuqueiro M (2003) Zn-proline catalyzed direct aldol reaction in aqueous media.
Chem Commun 0(9):1090–1091
54. Fernandez-Lopez R, Kofoed J, Machuqueiro M (2005) Darbre T (2005) A selective direct aldol
reaction in aqueous media catalyzed by zinc-proline. Eur J Org Chem 24:5268–5276
55. Kofoed J, Reymond JL, Darbre T (2005) Prebiotic carbohydrate synthesis: zinc-proline catalyzes direct aqueous aldol reactions of α-hydroxy aldehydes and ketones. Org Biomol Chem
3(10):1850–1855
56. Kofoed J, Darbre T, Reymond JL (2006) Dual mechanism of zinc-proline catalyzed aldol reactions
in water. Chem Commun 14:1482–1484
Reprinted from the journal
61