carbon payment through productive programs. The potential products figured out
and resulted from action research are illustrated in sect. 28.4. The establishment of
alternative economic sources starts with the right commodities for the established
market that will buy the products. From this point forward, we conclude that
peatland restoration is a lengthy process comprising the internalization of restoration
objectives, improved participation, and sense of belonging; and the economic drive
is an externality having different values of communities.
28.3.2 Plot in Londerang Peat Hydrological Unit
of Mendahara River-Batanghari River
Londerang is located in Peat Hydrological Unit of Mendahara River-Batanghari
River. From the data of VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), it was
observed that the areas are prone to fires (see Fig. 28.5). A 20 ha plot located in
protected peat forest (HLG), Peat Hydrological Unit of Mendahara River-Batanghari
River, was established by a team of researchers from Pusat Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Kehutanan Bogor. Based on the study area within the same peat
hydrological unit, there are also several agroforestry plots in Sungai Beras Village
and Sinar Wajo Village (Fig. 28.6). These plots are excluded from this paper. Due to
fire in 2015, the area where the plot is located was burnt widely, and when the plot
was initiated, the area was covered by burnt biomass (Fig. 28.7). From our observation, the plot in HLG Londerang is bordered with the conservation area of PT
Wirakarya Sakti, Sinar Mas Group. However, although the area is marked as
conservation area, canals existed in the plots without canal blockings. The conservation area of the concession is dominated by sprouting acacia; this will cause
invasive impacts. Next to the revegetation plot, jelutung plantation aged approximately 4 years is located. The area is regularly flooded in the rainy season but
remains dry in the dry season.
Indigenous peat plants were planted in bronjong to prevent plants from being
flooded in the rainy season (Fig. 28.8). Five indegenous species were planted. They
are pasir-pasir, jelutung rawa, balangeran, bira- bira, and pulai. Meanwhile, as
many people in some places were eager to plant gaharu, this non-indigenous species
was also planted. According to the measurement conducted by the researchers of
Puslitbanghut (Forestry Research and Development Center) Bogor from 2017 to
2018, the plants have performed well except gaharu, with the survival rate of 80%,
76%, 94%, 78%, 81%, and 38% respectively. We observed that gaharu grew well on
mineral lands exposed to canal development (Fig. 28.9). It is expected that the
indigenous plants will give benefit in the future, as they can be used for furniture
and houses.
However, this plot was burnt in 2019. From approximately 11,000 plants planted
in 2017, about 700 plants survived. Some of the surviving plants, like balangeran
species, re-sprouted. Figure 28.10 shows the drone picture of the plot 2 months after
the fire. To note, the green plant in the middle is areca nut, which was not burnt
28 Show Windows and Lessons Learned from Peatland Restoration in Indonesia
759
and resulted from action research are illustrated in sect. 28.4. The establishment of
alternative economic sources starts with the right commodities for the established
market that will buy the products. From this point forward, we conclude that
peatland restoration is a lengthy process comprising the internalization of restoration
objectives, improved participation, and sense of belonging; and the economic drive
is an externality having different values of communities.
28.3.2 Plot in Londerang Peat Hydrological Unit
of Mendahara River-Batanghari River
Londerang is located in Peat Hydrological Unit of Mendahara River-Batanghari
River. From the data of VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), it was
observed that the areas are prone to fires (see Fig. 28.5). A 20 ha plot located in
protected peat forest (HLG), Peat Hydrological Unit of Mendahara River-Batanghari
River, was established by a team of researchers from Pusat Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Kehutanan Bogor. Based on the study area within the same peat
hydrological unit, there are also several agroforestry plots in Sungai Beras Village
and Sinar Wajo Village (Fig. 28.6). These plots are excluded from this paper. Due to
fire in 2015, the area where the plot is located was burnt widely, and when the plot
was initiated, the area was covered by burnt biomass (Fig. 28.7). From our observation, the plot in HLG Londerang is bordered with the conservation area of PT
Wirakarya Sakti, Sinar Mas Group. However, although the area is marked as
conservation area, canals existed in the plots without canal blockings. The conservation area of the concession is dominated by sprouting acacia; this will cause
invasive impacts. Next to the revegetation plot, jelutung plantation aged approximately 4 years is located. The area is regularly flooded in the rainy season but
remains dry in the dry season.
Indigenous peat plants were planted in bronjong to prevent plants from being
flooded in the rainy season (Fig. 28.8). Five indegenous species were planted. They
are pasir-pasir, jelutung rawa, balangeran, bira- bira, and pulai. Meanwhile, as
many people in some places were eager to plant gaharu, this non-indigenous species
was also planted. According to the measurement conducted by the researchers of
Puslitbanghut (Forestry Research and Development Center) Bogor from 2017 to
2018, the plants have performed well except gaharu, with the survival rate of 80%,
76%, 94%, 78%, 81%, and 38% respectively. We observed that gaharu grew well on
mineral lands exposed to canal development (Fig. 28.9). It is expected that the
indigenous plants will give benefit in the future, as they can be used for furniture
and houses.
However, this plot was burnt in 2019. From approximately 11,000 plants planted
in 2017, about 700 plants survived. Some of the surviving plants, like balangeran
species, re-sprouted. Figure 28.10 shows the drone picture of the plot 2 months after
the fire. To note, the green plant in the middle is areca nut, which was not burnt
28 Show Windows and Lessons Learned from Peatland Restoration in Indonesia
759