zone designated as the conservation zone comprises about 4631 ha. At present, it is
covered mostly with Melaleuca cajuputi as the dominant species. This zone is
earmarked for reforestation with the native trees of the swamp.
The last one is designated as the development zone or the zone to be developed.
At present, these areas have been included within the government development
project such as irrigation and drainage scheme. In fact, most lands have belonged
to the farmers for a long time. Nevertheless, most of them have no title deed which in
turn causes problems relevant to legal land holding. The total area of this zone is
about 16,268 ha. To date, several small pilot reclamation projects are being carried
out and supported by the local government agencies as well as the Pikun Thong
Royal Development Study Centre located in Muang District, Narathiwat Province.
At present, the practical management for the preservation zone and conservation
zone is under the control of the Royal Forestry Department. On the other hand, the
development zone is still being managed, albeit relatively slowly, and needs more
collective efforts from certain government agencies such as the Land Development
Department, the Royal Irrigation Department, the Department of Agriculture, the
Pikun Thong Royal Development Study Centre as well as the provincial authorities
through integration approaches.
References
Dent FJ (1986) Southeast Asian coastal peats and their use-an overview. In: Classification,
characterization and utilization of peat land: proc of the 2nd int soil management workshop,
Bangkok, Thailand, pp 27–54
Dudal R, Moorman FR (1964) Major soils of Southeast Asia. J Trop Geogr Univ Malays Kuala
Lumpur 18:54–80
Hastings PJ (1983) Palynology and the vegetation development of a lowland peat swamp in
Narathiwat, Thailand. Annual tech meet Chiang Mai, Univ of Chiang Mai, Thailand
Kaneko N, Aini Z (1991) Community structure of soil fauna. In: Tropical peat swamp forests of
Southeast Asia. Paper presented at the terminal seminar on comparative studies on coastal
wetland ecosystems in southern Thailand and Malaysia, 1–3 August 1991, Narathiwat, Thailand
Kyuma K, Vijarnsorn P, Zakaria A (eds) (1992) Coastal lowland ecosystems in southern Thailand
and Malaysia. Showado-Printing Co, Kyoto
Niyomtham C (1989) Some important characters and a special note on the flora of peat swamp
forest in Thailand. In: Proc of regional seminar on methods of biological inventory and
cartography for ecosystem management, Tokyo, Japan, pp 196–201
Okazaki M (1992) Abanda NCE and distribution of copper and zinc. In: Kyuma K, Vijarnsorn P,
Zakaria A (eds) Coastal lowland ecosystems in southern Thailand and Malaysia. ShowadoPrinting Co, Kyoto, pp 203–210
Phengklai C, Niyomtham C (1991) Flora in peat swamp areas of Narathiwat. Phikul Thong Study
Centre, S Sombun Press, Bangkok
Pikunthong RDSC (2012) Legally land use zonation of the typical swamps in Narathiwat.
Pikunthong RDSC, Tambol KaruworNua, Amphoe Muang, Narathiwat (in Thai)
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy. Soil management support service, soil conservation services, US Dept. of Agriculture. Pocahontas Press, Blacksburg
27 Sustainable Management of Peatland in Thailand
749
covered mostly with Melaleuca cajuputi as the dominant species. This zone is
earmarked for reforestation with the native trees of the swamp.
The last one is designated as the development zone or the zone to be developed.
At present, these areas have been included within the government development
project such as irrigation and drainage scheme. In fact, most lands have belonged
to the farmers for a long time. Nevertheless, most of them have no title deed which in
turn causes problems relevant to legal land holding. The total area of this zone is
about 16,268 ha. To date, several small pilot reclamation projects are being carried
out and supported by the local government agencies as well as the Pikun Thong
Royal Development Study Centre located in Muang District, Narathiwat Province.
At present, the practical management for the preservation zone and conservation
zone is under the control of the Royal Forestry Department. On the other hand, the
development zone is still being managed, albeit relatively slowly, and needs more
collective efforts from certain government agencies such as the Land Development
Department, the Royal Irrigation Department, the Department of Agriculture, the
Pikun Thong Royal Development Study Centre as well as the provincial authorities
through integration approaches.
References
Dent FJ (1986) Southeast Asian coastal peats and their use-an overview. In: Classification,
characterization and utilization of peat land: proc of the 2nd int soil management workshop,
Bangkok, Thailand, pp 27–54
Dudal R, Moorman FR (1964) Major soils of Southeast Asia. J Trop Geogr Univ Malays Kuala
Lumpur 18:54–80
Hastings PJ (1983) Palynology and the vegetation development of a lowland peat swamp in
Narathiwat, Thailand. Annual tech meet Chiang Mai, Univ of Chiang Mai, Thailand
Kaneko N, Aini Z (1991) Community structure of soil fauna. In: Tropical peat swamp forests of
Southeast Asia. Paper presented at the terminal seminar on comparative studies on coastal
wetland ecosystems in southern Thailand and Malaysia, 1–3 August 1991, Narathiwat, Thailand
Kyuma K, Vijarnsorn P, Zakaria A (eds) (1992) Coastal lowland ecosystems in southern Thailand
and Malaysia. Showado-Printing Co, Kyoto
Niyomtham C (1989) Some important characters and a special note on the flora of peat swamp
forest in Thailand. In: Proc of regional seminar on methods of biological inventory and
cartography for ecosystem management, Tokyo, Japan, pp 196–201
Okazaki M (1992) Abanda NCE and distribution of copper and zinc. In: Kyuma K, Vijarnsorn P,
Zakaria A (eds) Coastal lowland ecosystems in southern Thailand and Malaysia. ShowadoPrinting Co, Kyoto, pp 203–210
Phengklai C, Niyomtham C (1991) Flora in peat swamp areas of Narathiwat. Phikul Thong Study
Centre, S Sombun Press, Bangkok
Pikunthong RDSC (2012) Legally land use zonation of the typical swamps in Narathiwat.
Pikunthong RDSC, Tambol KaruworNua, Amphoe Muang, Narathiwat (in Thai)
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Keys to soil taxonomy. Soil management support service, soil conservation services, US Dept. of Agriculture. Pocahontas Press, Blacksburg
27 Sustainable Management of Peatland in Thailand
749