peatland rehabilitation programme. However, it is essential to institutionalize, and
incorporate community engagement efforts and collaborations into the national
forest conservation policies.
The implementation of this programme has potential implications in the management of peatland in other parts of Malaysia and elsewhere in the world where local
communities are inhabited in and around the peatland or other types of wetlands. The
engagement of local communities would create ownership, which empower them to
take part effectively in the sustainable management of peatland. However, considering the conditions of the local communities, a conductive enabling environment,
having proper institutional arrangement, good governance, and provision of incentives, will be required to ensure their effective participation. If these happened, then
it may lend the hope that the peatland can be managed, and local communities will be
benefited sustainably (Nath et al. 2017).
References
Amjad AS, Jusoff K (2007) Mangrove conservation through community participation in Pakistan:
the case of Sonmiani Bay. Int J Syst Appl Eng Dev 4(1):75–81
Barbier EB (2006) Natural barriers to natural disasters: replanting mangroves after the tsunami.
Front Ecol Environ 4(3):124–131
Brown K (2002) Innovations for conservation and development. Geogr J 168(1):6–17. https://doi.
org/10.1111/1475-4959.00034
Check E (2005) Roots of recovery. Nature 438:910–911. https://doi.org/10.1038/438910a
Chinangwa L, Pullin AS, Hockley N (2016) Livelihoods and welfare impacts of forest
comanagement. Int J Forest Res 2016:5847068. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5847068
Kairo JG, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Bosire J, Koedam N (2001) Restoration and management of
mangrove systems—a lesson for and from the east African region. S Afr J Bot 67:383–389
Nath TK, Jashimuddin M, Inoue M (2016) Community-based forest management (CBFM) in
Bangladesh, vol 22. Springer, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42387-6
Nath TK, Dahalan MPB, Parish F, Rengasamy N (2017) Local peoples’ appreciation on and
contribution to conservation of Peatland swamp forests: experience from peninsular Malaysia.
Wetlands 37(6):1067–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-017-0941-1
Orchard SE, Stringer LC, Quinn CH (2015) Impacts of aquaculture on social networks in the
mangrove systems of northern Vietnam. Ocean Coast Manage 114:1–10. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.05.019
Prospere K, McLaren KP, Wilson B (2016) Characterizing the status (disturbed, hybrid or novel) of
swamp forest fragments in a Caribbean Ramsar wetland: the impact of anthropogenic degradation and invasive plant species. Environ Manag 58(4):655–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267016-0733-z
Sathirathai S, Barbier EB (2001) Valuing mangrove conservation in southern Thailand. Contemp
Econ Policy 19(2):109–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2001.tb00054.x
Walters BB (2000) Local mangrove planting in the Philippines: are fisherfolk and fishpond owners
effective restorationists? Restor Ecol 8(3):237–246. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.
80035.x
662
N. Rengasamy and F. Parish
incorporate community engagement efforts and collaborations into the national
forest conservation policies.
The implementation of this programme has potential implications in the management of peatland in other parts of Malaysia and elsewhere in the world where local
communities are inhabited in and around the peatland or other types of wetlands. The
engagement of local communities would create ownership, which empower them to
take part effectively in the sustainable management of peatland. However, considering the conditions of the local communities, a conductive enabling environment,
having proper institutional arrangement, good governance, and provision of incentives, will be required to ensure their effective participation. If these happened, then
it may lend the hope that the peatland can be managed, and local communities will be
benefited sustainably (Nath et al. 2017).
References
Amjad AS, Jusoff K (2007) Mangrove conservation through community participation in Pakistan:
the case of Sonmiani Bay. Int J Syst Appl Eng Dev 4(1):75–81
Barbier EB (2006) Natural barriers to natural disasters: replanting mangroves after the tsunami.
Front Ecol Environ 4(3):124–131
Brown K (2002) Innovations for conservation and development. Geogr J 168(1):6–17. https://doi.
org/10.1111/1475-4959.00034
Check E (2005) Roots of recovery. Nature 438:910–911. https://doi.org/10.1038/438910a
Chinangwa L, Pullin AS, Hockley N (2016) Livelihoods and welfare impacts of forest
comanagement. Int J Forest Res 2016:5847068. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5847068
Kairo JG, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Bosire J, Koedam N (2001) Restoration and management of
mangrove systems—a lesson for and from the east African region. S Afr J Bot 67:383–389
Nath TK, Jashimuddin M, Inoue M (2016) Community-based forest management (CBFM) in
Bangladesh, vol 22. Springer, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42387-6
Nath TK, Dahalan MPB, Parish F, Rengasamy N (2017) Local peoples’ appreciation on and
contribution to conservation of Peatland swamp forests: experience from peninsular Malaysia.
Wetlands 37(6):1067–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-017-0941-1
Orchard SE, Stringer LC, Quinn CH (2015) Impacts of aquaculture on social networks in the
mangrove systems of northern Vietnam. Ocean Coast Manage 114:1–10. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.05.019
Prospere K, McLaren KP, Wilson B (2016) Characterizing the status (disturbed, hybrid or novel) of
swamp forest fragments in a Caribbean Ramsar wetland: the impact of anthropogenic degradation and invasive plant species. Environ Manag 58(4):655–668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267016-0733-z
Sathirathai S, Barbier EB (2001) Valuing mangrove conservation in southern Thailand. Contemp
Econ Policy 19(2):109–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2001.tb00054.x
Walters BB (2000) Local mangrove planting in the Philippines: are fisherfolk and fishpond owners
effective restorationists? Restor Ecol 8(3):237–246. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2000.
80035.x
662
N. Rengasamy and F. Parish