with the issue of insecurity of tenure on state land or state forest area, the government
has promoted an agrarian reform program (Presidential Regulation No 88, year 2017
on the settlement of the control of the state forest area
13 ). This regulation proposed
the settlement of land rights in the state forest through (1) changing the border of the
state forest area, (2) exchanging land within and outside the border of the state forest
area, (3) allowing management of land in the state forest area through the social
forest program, and (4) implementing resettlement.
To enforce the social forestry program the regulation defined the following
conditions: the land must (a) be managed physically and openly based on goodwill,
(b) be recognized by the customary community or the village head concerned as well
as by a credible people’s witness, (c) not be claimed by others. Also, land lived on
for more than 20 years could be subject to the program’s intend to change the
boundary of the state forest area. On the other hand, land lived on for less
than 20 years could be subject to the social forestry program.
Environment and Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.17/MENLHK/SETJEN/
KUM.1/5/2018
14 cited the following as targets of agrarian reform: (1) unproductive
state forest areas categorized as convertible production forest; (2) settlements, social
facilities, and public facilities; (3) wet rice fields and fishery ponds; and (4) dry
agricultural land that has become the main source of income for the people in the
community.
However, in the peatland areas, not many aspects or applications of the social
forestry program have been reported.
15 Many local people in the peatland areas
within the state forest area do not wish to join the social forestry program except
when there are locked land conflicts with companies and such. At present, it is not
easy to implement the social forestry program in the peatland areas.
Furthermore, the government has issued a new regulation concerning Customary
Forest and Private Forest
16 , with the Environment and Forestry Minister Regulation
No. P.21/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2019. People claiming these forests can
submit their proposals to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and the
director-general would verify these claims. Rights and obligations to the customary
forest and private forest would be made clear. These forests will be shown in the
Peta Indikatif Lokasi Hutan Adat (customary forest indication map). The state forest
maps will contain maps of customary forests and private forests. This policy seeks to
put the status of the customary forest and private forest on a par with the state forest.
13 Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia A Nomor 88 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelesaian
Pengusasanan Tanah Dalam Kawasan Hutan.
14 Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia
Nomor P.17/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/5/2018 tentang Tata Cara Plepasan Kawasan Hutan dan
Perubahan Batas Kawasan Hutan untuk Sumber Tanah Obyek Reformasi Agraria.
15 Dheny (2020) reported the village forest (Hutan Desa) program as one of the social forestry
programs that was implemented at Tebing Tinggi Timur sub-district, Kepulauan Meranti district,
Riau Province.
16 Peraturan Menteri LHK RI Nomor P.21/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2019 Tentang Hutan
Adat Dan Hutan Hak.
646
K. Mizuno et al.
has promoted an agrarian reform program (Presidential Regulation No 88, year 2017
on the settlement of the control of the state forest area
13 ). This regulation proposed
the settlement of land rights in the state forest through (1) changing the border of the
state forest area, (2) exchanging land within and outside the border of the state forest
area, (3) allowing management of land in the state forest area through the social
forest program, and (4) implementing resettlement.
To enforce the social forestry program the regulation defined the following
conditions: the land must (a) be managed physically and openly based on goodwill,
(b) be recognized by the customary community or the village head concerned as well
as by a credible people’s witness, (c) not be claimed by others. Also, land lived on
for more than 20 years could be subject to the program’s intend to change the
boundary of the state forest area. On the other hand, land lived on for less
than 20 years could be subject to the social forestry program.
Environment and Forestry Minister Regulation No. P.17/MENLHK/SETJEN/
KUM.1/5/2018
14 cited the following as targets of agrarian reform: (1) unproductive
state forest areas categorized as convertible production forest; (2) settlements, social
facilities, and public facilities; (3) wet rice fields and fishery ponds; and (4) dry
agricultural land that has become the main source of income for the people in the
community.
However, in the peatland areas, not many aspects or applications of the social
forestry program have been reported.
15 Many local people in the peatland areas
within the state forest area do not wish to join the social forestry program except
when there are locked land conflicts with companies and such. At present, it is not
easy to implement the social forestry program in the peatland areas.
Furthermore, the government has issued a new regulation concerning Customary
Forest and Private Forest
16 , with the Environment and Forestry Minister Regulation
No. P.21/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2019. People claiming these forests can
submit their proposals to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and the
director-general would verify these claims. Rights and obligations to the customary
forest and private forest would be made clear. These forests will be shown in the
Peta Indikatif Lokasi Hutan Adat (customary forest indication map). The state forest
maps will contain maps of customary forests and private forests. This policy seeks to
put the status of the customary forest and private forest on a par with the state forest.
13 Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia A Nomor 88 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penyelesaian
Pengusasanan Tanah Dalam Kawasan Hutan.
14 Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia
Nomor P.17/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/5/2018 tentang Tata Cara Plepasan Kawasan Hutan dan
Perubahan Batas Kawasan Hutan untuk Sumber Tanah Obyek Reformasi Agraria.
15 Dheny (2020) reported the village forest (Hutan Desa) program as one of the social forestry
programs that was implemented at Tebing Tinggi Timur sub-district, Kepulauan Meranti district,
Riau Province.
16 Peraturan Menteri LHK RI Nomor P.21/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/4/2019 Tentang Hutan
Adat Dan Hutan Hak.
646
K. Mizuno et al.