land area of the state forestry area has certainly changed. In Riau province, the land
area in 1986 was 9.456.2 thousand ha; in 2002, 7.121.3 thousand ha; in 2014, 5499.7
thousand ha; in 2016 5, according to the Forestry Ministry regulation in 2016.
9 The
land area mainly has changed because of the change in the category of state forest
area to agricultural land for the oil palm cultivation (still state land controlled by the
agriculture ministry under the HGU), but some parts have changed at the recommendation of an ombudsman.
According to Map 23.2, the majority of the village area is state forest area, and
only 0.9% of the land, or a narrow belt in the coastal area, is the area outside the state
forest area (APL). On the other hand, local people believed that the land some
kilometers inland from the coast is not state forest area.
The state forest area is the area where no land title exists, and only the government
can give concessions to companies, or give the right to manage (hak pengolahan) to
a government body. The community can make use of this under customary rights,
but it should prove its existence. In the research area, no customary community has
proven such existence. On the other hand, the Forestry Law of 1998 stipulates that
people are prohibited from cultivating and or making use of and/or occupying the
state forest area illegally.
Thus, according to the Forestry Law of 1998, most of villagers violate the
regulation. Some of the villagers have a land certificate (sertifikat tanah), but more
people have SKT (Surat Keterangan Tanah) issued by the village office with some
of these verified by the head of sub-district (camat). SKGK (Surat Keterangan Ganti
Kerugian) or Letter of Land Compensation is the letter that certifies the transaction
of land issued by the head of sub-village. Table 23.3 shows the types of letters to
certify land title and land area.
SKGK is the Letter of Land Compensation that is made at the time of transaction
signed by the person selling the land, the person buying the land, the village head,
head of the sub-village, the head of the RT (Rukun Tetangga, neighborhood organization consisting of 30–40 households), the head of the RW (Rukun Warga,
Table 23.3 Types of letters to certify land title and land area (in ha)
Without
letter
Letter of
land
statement
(SKT)
Letter of Land
Compensation
(SKGK)
Land
certificate
(Sertifikat
Tanah)
No detail
information Total
Non-peatland
43.85
89.57
21.48
16.13
11.14
182.17
Peat land
291.45
254.63
27.92
62.12
24,79
660.9
Total
335.3
344.195
49.41
78.25
35.93
843.08
(%)
39.77
40.83
5.86
9.28
4.26
100
Source: Authors’ field survey, 2010–2016
9 Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor SK.903/
MENLHK/SETJEN/PLA.2/12/2016 Tentang Kawasan Hutan Provinsi Riau.
644
K. Mizuno et al.
area in 1986 was 9.456.2 thousand ha; in 2002, 7.121.3 thousand ha; in 2014, 5499.7
thousand ha; in 2016 5, according to the Forestry Ministry regulation in 2016.
9 The
land area mainly has changed because of the change in the category of state forest
area to agricultural land for the oil palm cultivation (still state land controlled by the
agriculture ministry under the HGU), but some parts have changed at the recommendation of an ombudsman.
According to Map 23.2, the majority of the village area is state forest area, and
only 0.9% of the land, or a narrow belt in the coastal area, is the area outside the state
forest area (APL). On the other hand, local people believed that the land some
kilometers inland from the coast is not state forest area.
The state forest area is the area where no land title exists, and only the government
can give concessions to companies, or give the right to manage (hak pengolahan) to
a government body. The community can make use of this under customary rights,
but it should prove its existence. In the research area, no customary community has
proven such existence. On the other hand, the Forestry Law of 1998 stipulates that
people are prohibited from cultivating and or making use of and/or occupying the
state forest area illegally.
Thus, according to the Forestry Law of 1998, most of villagers violate the
regulation. Some of the villagers have a land certificate (sertifikat tanah), but more
people have SKT (Surat Keterangan Tanah) issued by the village office with some
of these verified by the head of sub-district (camat). SKGK (Surat Keterangan Ganti
Kerugian) or Letter of Land Compensation is the letter that certifies the transaction
of land issued by the head of sub-village. Table 23.3 shows the types of letters to
certify land title and land area.
SKGK is the Letter of Land Compensation that is made at the time of transaction
signed by the person selling the land, the person buying the land, the village head,
head of the sub-village, the head of the RT (Rukun Tetangga, neighborhood organization consisting of 30–40 households), the head of the RW (Rukun Warga,
Table 23.3 Types of letters to certify land title and land area (in ha)
Without
letter
Letter of
land
statement
(SKT)
Letter of Land
Compensation
(SKGK)
Land
certificate
(Sertifikat
Tanah)
No detail
information Total
Non-peatland
43.85
89.57
21.48
16.13
11.14
182.17
Peat land
291.45
254.63
27.92
62.12
24,79
660.9
Total
335.3
344.195
49.41
78.25
35.93
843.08
(%)
39.77
40.83
5.86
9.28
4.26
100
Source: Authors’ field survey, 2010–2016
9 Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor SK.903/
MENLHK/SETJEN/PLA.2/12/2016 Tentang Kawasan Hutan Provinsi Riau.
644
K. Mizuno et al.