Acknowledgements The work of RSPO is supported by its members and partner organizations.
The involvement of the Global Environment Centre (GEC) in preparing this paper has been
supported under the Measurable Action for Haze-Free Sustainable Land Management in Southeast
Asia (MAHFSA) Programme funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD) through the ASEAN Secretariat.
References
ASEAN (2015) ASEAN guidelines on peatland fire management. National Environment Agency,
Singapore
Beaudoin-Ollivier L, Isidoro N, Jaques JA, Riolo P, Kamal M, Rochat D (2017) Chapter 1. Some
representative palm pests: ecological and practical data. In: Soroker V, Colazza S (eds)
Handbook of major palm pests: biology and management. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Cook S, Whelan MJ, Evans CD, Gauci V, Peacock M, Garnett MH, Page SE (2018) Fluvial organic
carbon fluxes from oil palm plantations on tropical peatland. Biogeosciences 15(24):7435–7450
Cooper HV, Evers S, Aplin P, Crout N, Dahalan MP, Sjogersten S (2020) Greenhouse gas
emissions resulting from conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation. Nat Commun
11:407. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14298-w
De Vries C, Van de Ven GJW, Ittersum MK et al (2010) Resource use efficiency and environmental
performance of nine major biofuel crops, processed by first-generation conversion techniques.
Biomass Bioenergy 34:588–601
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Sarawak (2001). http://www.did.sarawak.gov.my/modules/
web/pages.php?mod¼webpage&sub¼page&id¼381
Dewhurst IC, Marrs TC (2011) Toxicology of pesticides. In: General, applied and systems
toxicology. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470744307
D’Cruz R (2014) Guidelines on integrated management planning for Peatland forests in Southeast
Asia. ASEAN Peatland Forests Project and Sustainable Management for Peatlands Forests
Project. Association of Southeast Asian Nations and Global Environment Centre
FAOSTAT (2017) FAOSTAT online database. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data
Gan LT, Parish F, Cai H, Tan J (2018) Towards low GHG emission in new oil palm development –
results of RSPO’s approach. Planter 94(1105):225–238
Gurmit, S (1999) Agronomic management of peat soil for sustainable oil palm production. Seminar
on various aspects of large scale oil palm cultivation on peat soil. 23 October 1999, ISP, Sibu,
Sarawak
Hooijer A, Page S, Canadell JG, Silvius M, Kwadijk J, Wösten H, Jauhiainen J (2010) Current and
future CO 2 emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia. Biogeosciences 7
(5):1505–1514
Kiple KF, Kriemhild CA (2000) The Cambridge world history of food. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, UK
Lim KH (2003) Agronomic management of oil palm planted on deep peat in Sarawak. MOSTA
seminar on recent advances in the oil palm sector: agriculture, planation management, end uses
and nutrition, 8–9 May 2003, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
Lim KH, Bit S (2001) Termite infestations on oil palms planted on deep peat in Sarawak :
Tradewinds experience. In: Proc. 2001 PIPOC international palm oil congress (agriculture
conference). Organised by MPOB, Kuala Lumpur. pp. 355–368
Lim KH, Herry W (2010) Management of leaning and fallen palms planted on tropical peat.
Presented at the International Oil Palm Conference 2010. 1–3 June 2010, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Organized by IOPRI
Lim KH, Lim SS, Parish F, Suharto R (eds) (2012) RSPO manual on best management practices
(BMP) for existing oil palm cultivation on peat. RSPO, Kuala Lumpur
532
F. Parish et al.
The involvement of the Global Environment Centre (GEC) in preparing this paper has been
supported under the Measurable Action for Haze-Free Sustainable Land Management in Southeast
Asia (MAHFSA) Programme funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development
(IFAD) through the ASEAN Secretariat.
References
ASEAN (2015) ASEAN guidelines on peatland fire management. National Environment Agency,
Singapore
Beaudoin-Ollivier L, Isidoro N, Jaques JA, Riolo P, Kamal M, Rochat D (2017) Chapter 1. Some
representative palm pests: ecological and practical data. In: Soroker V, Colazza S (eds)
Handbook of major palm pests: biology and management. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ
Cook S, Whelan MJ, Evans CD, Gauci V, Peacock M, Garnett MH, Page SE (2018) Fluvial organic
carbon fluxes from oil palm plantations on tropical peatland. Biogeosciences 15(24):7435–7450
Cooper HV, Evers S, Aplin P, Crout N, Dahalan MP, Sjogersten S (2020) Greenhouse gas
emissions resulting from conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm plantation. Nat Commun
11:407. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14298-w
De Vries C, Van de Ven GJW, Ittersum MK et al (2010) Resource use efficiency and environmental
performance of nine major biofuel crops, processed by first-generation conversion techniques.
Biomass Bioenergy 34:588–601
Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Sarawak (2001). http://www.did.sarawak.gov.my/modules/
web/pages.php?mod¼webpage&sub¼page&id¼381
Dewhurst IC, Marrs TC (2011) Toxicology of pesticides. In: General, applied and systems
toxicology. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470744307
D’Cruz R (2014) Guidelines on integrated management planning for Peatland forests in Southeast
Asia. ASEAN Peatland Forests Project and Sustainable Management for Peatlands Forests
Project. Association of Southeast Asian Nations and Global Environment Centre
FAOSTAT (2017) FAOSTAT online database. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data
Gan LT, Parish F, Cai H, Tan J (2018) Towards low GHG emission in new oil palm development –
results of RSPO’s approach. Planter 94(1105):225–238
Gurmit, S (1999) Agronomic management of peat soil for sustainable oil palm production. Seminar
on various aspects of large scale oil palm cultivation on peat soil. 23 October 1999, ISP, Sibu,
Sarawak
Hooijer A, Page S, Canadell JG, Silvius M, Kwadijk J, Wösten H, Jauhiainen J (2010) Current and
future CO 2 emissions from drained peatlands in Southeast Asia. Biogeosciences 7
(5):1505–1514
Kiple KF, Kriemhild CA (2000) The Cambridge world history of food. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, UK
Lim KH (2003) Agronomic management of oil palm planted on deep peat in Sarawak. MOSTA
seminar on recent advances in the oil palm sector: agriculture, planation management, end uses
and nutrition, 8–9 May 2003, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
Lim KH, Bit S (2001) Termite infestations on oil palms planted on deep peat in Sarawak :
Tradewinds experience. In: Proc. 2001 PIPOC international palm oil congress (agriculture
conference). Organised by MPOB, Kuala Lumpur. pp. 355–368
Lim KH, Herry W (2010) Management of leaning and fallen palms planted on tropical peat.
Presented at the International Oil Palm Conference 2010. 1–3 June 2010, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Organized by IOPRI
Lim KH, Lim SS, Parish F, Suharto R (eds) (2012) RSPO manual on best management practices
(BMP) for existing oil palm cultivation on peat. RSPO, Kuala Lumpur
532
F. Parish et al.