Preface
In this “tropical peatland eco-management” book, eco-management is new terminology as an abbreviation of “ecology-based management for natural capital
enhancement.”
The modern economy has always been deprived and plundered, and “natural
capital” has been destroyed and referred to as “natural capital development.”
“Development” always intends to open and exploit natural resources. The “development” of “natural capital” results in a global crisis or brings uncertainty to the
planetary boundary. To slow this “development,” a new concept of “sustainable
development” has been introduced; however, this concept is still based on
“development.”
The twenty-first century economy must always be coupled and coexist with
“natural capital” and then restore and enhance that “natural capital,” which is
referred to as “natural capital envelopment” (also a new concept and terminology)
here. The “envelopment” of “natural capital” brings global stability or safety to the
planetary boundary.
As tropical peatland has a carbon/water-stock (reservoir) balance, it becomes
fragile due to “development” (destruction and deconstruction of peatland as “natural
capital”), with high vulnerability to “development” mechanisms. However, because
a tropical peatland has carbon/water-flow (cycle) balance, it is very stable due to
“envelopment” (restoration and enhancement of “natural capital”), with high resilience to “envelopment” mechanisms.
Global eco-management by “envelopment mechanisms” is based mainly on solar
and hydro energy and material (mainly water, carbon, and nutrients) cyclic systems,
for which “eco-management” technology of natural capital must minimize industrial
technology and introduce and innovate “small-scale and dispersal-type technology.”
Tropical peatlands are characterized as high carbon and water reservoir ecosystems located in the Indonesian and Malaysian archipelagos, the Amazon Basin, and
the Congo Basin, which are in the tropical zone. Tropical zones are very wet and
have high humidity because of high clouds, which cause heavy rainfall, high soil
moisture, and nutrient leaching. Under this wet condition, a very small amount of
v
In this “tropical peatland eco-management” book, eco-management is new terminology as an abbreviation of “ecology-based management for natural capital
enhancement.”
The modern economy has always been deprived and plundered, and “natural
capital” has been destroyed and referred to as “natural capital development.”
“Development” always intends to open and exploit natural resources. The “development” of “natural capital” results in a global crisis or brings uncertainty to the
planetary boundary. To slow this “development,” a new concept of “sustainable
development” has been introduced; however, this concept is still based on
“development.”
The twenty-first century economy must always be coupled and coexist with
“natural capital” and then restore and enhance that “natural capital,” which is
referred to as “natural capital envelopment” (also a new concept and terminology)
here. The “envelopment” of “natural capital” brings global stability or safety to the
planetary boundary.
As tropical peatland has a carbon/water-stock (reservoir) balance, it becomes
fragile due to “development” (destruction and deconstruction of peatland as “natural
capital”), with high vulnerability to “development” mechanisms. However, because
a tropical peatland has carbon/water-flow (cycle) balance, it is very stable due to
“envelopment” (restoration and enhancement of “natural capital”), with high resilience to “envelopment” mechanisms.
Global eco-management by “envelopment mechanisms” is based mainly on solar
and hydro energy and material (mainly water, carbon, and nutrients) cyclic systems,
for which “eco-management” technology of natural capital must minimize industrial
technology and introduce and innovate “small-scale and dispersal-type technology.”
Tropical peatlands are characterized as high carbon and water reservoir ecosystems located in the Indonesian and Malaysian archipelagos, the Amazon Basin, and
the Congo Basin, which are in the tropical zone. Tropical zones are very wet and
have high humidity because of high clouds, which cause heavy rainfall, high soil
moisture, and nutrient leaching. Under this wet condition, a very small amount of
v