also detrimental to sago palm growth. Conversely, flooding for a prolonged period
has an adverse effect on yield.
To achieve the best yield of rumbia sago in peatland, it is necessary to control its
water level and soil moisture. The water level should be maintained at 20–40 cm, and
the soil moisture content in land surface should be kept high. If the water level is
under the root system, the capillary rise and fringe of the peat should be in good
condition to wet the soil surface. Sago plantation is well adapted to temporary
inundation especially during rainy seasons, but sago water management practices
should be conducted by constructing closed canals or long storage which is designed
as deep as 30–50 cm. The water flow is important to supply oxygen (Bintoro 2008).
If sago palm grows in good peatland condition; the high GWL with surface water
flow near the tidal affected area (K+ supply), it can fix N 2 from the air at a
tremendous rate of around 90% of the total nitrogen in mature sago palm (Toyota
2018). This N 2 fixing ability of sago palm is one of the important abilities to adapt in
peatland.
Sago palm in mature canopy can assimilate 65.7 tons of CO 2 e/ha/year (Ishiyaki
2009). In Sentani’s sago forest, Rahayu and Harja (2010) found that the carbon stock
of sago forest was 53 t C ha
À1 , consisting of 400 seedlings ha
À1 , 80 young palm trees
ha
À1 , and 20 harvestable palm trees ha
À1 . They pointed out that the range of carbon
stocks from the sago forests depends on tree species composition. Total CO 2
emission of sago forest in Mimika, Papua in shallow to moderate peat without
water management was reported at 44.84 t CO 2 -e ha
À1 year
À1 (Hervania et al. 2014).
12.4 Food Security Achievement by Sago Palm
The fulfillment of food needs for Indonesia is a challenge that we have to respond for
the near future. Dependency on the fulfillment of the main staple foods on imports
will affect national food security. In fact, Indonesia is highly dependent on rice for
staple food. Indonesia required 40,030,096 tons of rice in 2017 for 256.6 million
people, whereas rice production was only 40,000,000 tons per year. Indonesia
should conduct rice importation in order to fulfill the rice deficit. In 2050,
Indonesia’s population will be around 300 million people. To feed the people,
Indonesia will require 45 million tons of rice. The shortage of rice is predicted as
much as 18 million tons. In this regard, improving food security should be carried
out by strengthening national food self-sufficiency through the optimal use of local
resources. Director General of FAO in December 2012 recognized that neglected
and underutilized species play a crucial role in the fight against hunger and were the
key resources for agriculture and rural development for the benefit of smallholder
farmers (Konuma 2018). The development of a food security system is carried out
based on the diversity of food resources, institutions, and local culture, which is to
ensure the availability of affordable food, taking into account the increasing income
of farmers/fishermen.
370
A. P. Tampubolon et al.
has an adverse effect on yield.
To achieve the best yield of rumbia sago in peatland, it is necessary to control its
water level and soil moisture. The water level should be maintained at 20–40 cm, and
the soil moisture content in land surface should be kept high. If the water level is
under the root system, the capillary rise and fringe of the peat should be in good
condition to wet the soil surface. Sago plantation is well adapted to temporary
inundation especially during rainy seasons, but sago water management practices
should be conducted by constructing closed canals or long storage which is designed
as deep as 30–50 cm. The water flow is important to supply oxygen (Bintoro 2008).
If sago palm grows in good peatland condition; the high GWL with surface water
flow near the tidal affected area (K+ supply), it can fix N 2 from the air at a
tremendous rate of around 90% of the total nitrogen in mature sago palm (Toyota
2018). This N 2 fixing ability of sago palm is one of the important abilities to adapt in
peatland.
Sago palm in mature canopy can assimilate 65.7 tons of CO 2 e/ha/year (Ishiyaki
2009). In Sentani’s sago forest, Rahayu and Harja (2010) found that the carbon stock
of sago forest was 53 t C ha
À1 , consisting of 400 seedlings ha
À1 , 80 young palm trees
ha
À1 , and 20 harvestable palm trees ha
À1 . They pointed out that the range of carbon
stocks from the sago forests depends on tree species composition. Total CO 2
emission of sago forest in Mimika, Papua in shallow to moderate peat without
water management was reported at 44.84 t CO 2 -e ha
À1 year
À1 (Hervania et al. 2014).
12.4 Food Security Achievement by Sago Palm
The fulfillment of food needs for Indonesia is a challenge that we have to respond for
the near future. Dependency on the fulfillment of the main staple foods on imports
will affect national food security. In fact, Indonesia is highly dependent on rice for
staple food. Indonesia required 40,030,096 tons of rice in 2017 for 256.6 million
people, whereas rice production was only 40,000,000 tons per year. Indonesia
should conduct rice importation in order to fulfill the rice deficit. In 2050,
Indonesia’s population will be around 300 million people. To feed the people,
Indonesia will require 45 million tons of rice. The shortage of rice is predicted as
much as 18 million tons. In this regard, improving food security should be carried
out by strengthening national food self-sufficiency through the optimal use of local
resources. Director General of FAO in December 2012 recognized that neglected
and underutilized species play a crucial role in the fight against hunger and were the
key resources for agriculture and rural development for the benefit of smallholder
farmers (Konuma 2018). The development of a food security system is carried out
based on the diversity of food resources, institutions, and local culture, which is to
ensure the availability of affordable food, taking into account the increasing income
of farmers/fishermen.
370
A. P. Tampubolon et al.