Table 11.2
The chemical characteristics of biochar from various feedstocks
Types of biochar
Pyrolysis Temperature
(
C)
C (%) pH
CEC
Cmol
(+)
kg
À1
SiO
2
Ash
content
N
P
K
Ca
Mg Fe
%
Rice husk
a
300–400
23.40
8.99 37.38
34.83 44.35
0.73 0.48
0.54 0.21 0.18 0.26
Palm fruit bunches
a
350–450
42.33
9.39 9.93
4.90
27.09
0.99 0.49
8.65 0.43 0.67 0.53
Bamboo
a
350–450
50.03
9.30 9.30
3.21
11.26
1.04 0.45
3.18 0.16 0.13 0.16
Palm midrib
a
300–450
40.04
9.74 9.74
6.30
31.17
1.01 0.39
1.53 0.53 0.96 0.15
Coconut shell
a
250–350
29.69
9.61 9.61
4.04
48.96
1.28 0.52
2.96 0.29 4.43 0.29
Palm kernel
a
350–500
23.73
8.30 8.30
3.90
59.32
0.87 0.44
0.72 0.09 0.30 0.04
Stem of Melaleuca
a
leucadendron
)
350–500
45.06
9.04 9.04
2.13
23.15
0.54 0.42
1.14 0.43 0.05 0.14
Cocoa shell
b
250–350
33.04 10.80
–
–
–
0.83 0.33 11.25
–
–
–
Source:
a
Maftuah and Sosiawan (2018);
b
Nurida et al. (2009)
Note:
– ¼ data are not available
344
E. Maftuah et al.