6.4 Design of the Harvesting Sun Society Based
on the Natural Capital in the Tropics
The use of fossil fuels is accompanied by two major issues: (1) CO 2 emissions,
which cause climate change and (2) relatively low EPR (lower than that of renewable
energy sources). Thus, it is important to transform the “Harvested Sun Society”
concept into the Harvesting Sun Society concept for both environmental and economic reasons.
Social system innovation is urgently required as the basis of sustainable development goals (SDGs). In the past, societies mainly depended on harvested sun
energy (e.g., fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gases) and materials developed
with energy from the sun (e.g., ecosystems with high carbon reservoirs and
peatlands, coastal ecosystems, or permafrost); these were referred to as Harvested
Sun Societies (Fig. 6.12). In the future, we hope that society will depend mainly on
harvesting sun energy (renewable energy sources, such as wind, water, and solar
power; biomass; and natural capital, such as the water cycle driven by solar energy);
these are referred to as Harvesting Sun Societies.
Therefore, it is proposed that a national concept be established about how the
Harvested Sun Societies should be transformed into Harvesting Sun Societies. In
Harvested Sun Societies, the climate change strategy mainly includes mitigation
(conservation) and is supported by credits for clean development mechanisms,
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), and investments in ethics, e.g., in corporate social responsibility and creating shared social and
Ethics
CSR: Corporate Social
Responsibility
CSV: Creating Shared Value:
Social and Economic Values
Pre-Harvesting Sun
Society (Flow Energy)
[Depend on Industrial
Renewable Energy]
Carbon Positive
Reduction of
Climate Change
Carbon Credit
CDM, REDD+
Investment
ESG: Environment, Social, Governance
SRI Socially Responsible Investment
Green Bond: carbon bond, water bond
Harvesting Sun Society
(Flow Energy)
[Depend on Natural
Capita]
Mitigation/ Adaptation to
Climate Change
Carbon Neutral
Carbon Negative
Enhancement of
Climate Change
Harvested Sun Society
(Stock Energy)
[Depend on Fossil Fuel]
Development of
Natural Resources
Conservation of
Natural Resources
Cyclic Use of
Natural Resources
Innovated Value Chain
Natural Capital
Enhancement
Fig. 6.12 Social innovation from the Harvested Sun Society to the Harvesting Sun Society
220
M. Osaki et al.
on the Natural Capital in the Tropics
The use of fossil fuels is accompanied by two major issues: (1) CO 2 emissions,
which cause climate change and (2) relatively low EPR (lower than that of renewable
energy sources). Thus, it is important to transform the “Harvested Sun Society”
concept into the Harvesting Sun Society concept for both environmental and economic reasons.
Social system innovation is urgently required as the basis of sustainable development goals (SDGs). In the past, societies mainly depended on harvested sun
energy (e.g., fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gases) and materials developed
with energy from the sun (e.g., ecosystems with high carbon reservoirs and
peatlands, coastal ecosystems, or permafrost); these were referred to as Harvested
Sun Societies (Fig. 6.12). In the future, we hope that society will depend mainly on
harvesting sun energy (renewable energy sources, such as wind, water, and solar
power; biomass; and natural capital, such as the water cycle driven by solar energy);
these are referred to as Harvesting Sun Societies.
Therefore, it is proposed that a national concept be established about how the
Harvested Sun Societies should be transformed into Harvesting Sun Societies. In
Harvested Sun Societies, the climate change strategy mainly includes mitigation
(conservation) and is supported by credits for clean development mechanisms,
reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), and investments in ethics, e.g., in corporate social responsibility and creating shared social and
Ethics
CSR: Corporate Social
Responsibility
CSV: Creating Shared Value:
Social and Economic Values
Pre-Harvesting Sun
Society (Flow Energy)
[Depend on Industrial
Renewable Energy]
Carbon Positive
Reduction of
Climate Change
Carbon Credit
CDM, REDD+
Investment
ESG: Environment, Social, Governance
SRI Socially Responsible Investment
Green Bond: carbon bond, water bond
Harvesting Sun Society
(Flow Energy)
[Depend on Natural
Capita]
Mitigation/ Adaptation to
Climate Change
Carbon Neutral
Carbon Negative
Enhancement of
Climate Change
Harvested Sun Society
(Stock Energy)
[Depend on Fossil Fuel]
Development of
Natural Resources
Conservation of
Natural Resources
Cyclic Use of
Natural Resources
Innovated Value Chain
Natural Capital
Enhancement
Fig. 6.12 Social innovation from the Harvested Sun Society to the Harvesting Sun Society
220
M. Osaki et al.