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43. L’Ecuyer, P., Simard, R.: TestU01: A C library for empirical testing of random number generators. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 33, 22–es (2007). https://doi.org/10.1145/1268776.1268777
44. Berger, M.J.: Monte Carlo calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged
particles. In: B. Alder S. Fernbach and Rotenberg, M. (eds.) Methods in Computational
Physics: Advances in Research and Applications, Vol. 1. Statistical Physics. pp. 135–215.
Academic, New York (1963)
45. Ford, R.L., Nelson, W.R.: The EGS Code System: Computer Programs for the Monte Carlo
Simulation of Electromagnetic Cascade Showers (Version 3). (1978)
46. Nelson, W.R., Hirayama, H., Rogers, D.W.O.: The EGS4 code system. (1985)
47. Salvat, F., Fernández-Varea, J.M.: Overview of physical interaction models for photon and
electron transport used in Monte Carlo codes. Metrologia. 46, S112–S138 (2009). https://
doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/2/S08
48. Baró, J., Sempau, J., Salvat, F. et al.: PENELOPE: An algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation
of the penetration and energy loss of electrons and positrons in matter. Nucl. Instruments
Methods Phys. Res. B. 100, 31–46 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)00349-5
49. Goudsmit, S., Saunderson, J.L.: Multiple Scattering of Electrons. II. Phys. Rev. 58, 36–42
(1940). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.58.36
50. Molière, G.: Theorie der Streuung schneller geladener Teilchen I. Einzelstreuung am
abgeschirmten Coulomb-Feld. Zeitschrift Naturforsch. Tl. A. 2, 133–+ (1947)
51. Lewis, H.W.: Multiple Scattering in an Infinite Medium. Phys. Rev. 78, 526–529 (1950).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.526
52. Bielajew, A.F., Rogers, D.W.O.: Presta: The parameter reduced electron-step transport
algorithm for electron monte carlo transport. Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect.
B Beam Interact. with Mater. Atoms. 18, 165–171, 174–181 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0168-583X(86)80027-1
53. Kawrakow, I., Bielajew, A.F.: On the condensed history technique for electron transport. Nucl.
Instruments Methods Phys. Res. B. 142, 253–280 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168583X(98)00274-2
54. Bielajew, A.F., Salvat, F.: Improved electron transport mechanics in the PENELOPE MonteCarlo model. Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. B. 173, 332–343 (2001). https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00363-3
55. Salvat, F., Fernández-Varea, J.M., Sempau, J.: “PENELOPE, A Code System for Monte Carlo
Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport.”, Barcelona (2009)
56. Kawrakow, I.: Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. I.
EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version. Med. Phys. 27, 485–498 (2000)
57. Hirayama, H., Namito, Y., Bielajew, A.F. et al.: The EGS5 code system. (2005)
58. Vilches, M., García-Pareja, S., Guerrero, R. et al.: Monte Carlo simulation of the electron
transport through thin slabs: A comparative study of penelope, geant3, geant4, egsnrc and
mcnpx. Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. with Mater. Atoms.
254, 219–230 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.061
59. Incerti, S., Ivanchenko, V., Novak, M.: Recent progress of Geant4 electromagnetic physics
for calorimeter simulation. J. Instrum. 13, C02054–C02054 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/
1748-0221/13/02/C02054
60. Grichine, V.M., Sadilov, S.S.: Geant4 models for X-ray transition radiation. Nucl. Instruments
Methods Phys. Res. A. 522, 122–125 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.01.031
61. Armstrong, T.W., Chandler, K.G.: HETC - a high energy transport code. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 49,
110–111 (1972)
62. Dementyev, A. V, Sobolevsky, N. M.: SHIELD - Universal Monte Carlo Hadron Transport
Code: Scope and Applications. Radiat. Meas. 50, 553–557 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1350-4487(99)00231-0
63. Weisskopf, V.F., Ewing, D.H.: On the Yield of Nuclear Reactions with Heavy Elements. Phys.
Rev. 57, 472–485 (1940). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.57.472
J. Apostolakis
43. L’Ecuyer, P., Simard, R.: TestU01: A C library for empirical testing of random number generators. ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 33, 22–es (2007). https://doi.org/10.1145/1268776.1268777
44. Berger, M.J.: Monte Carlo calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged
particles. In: B. Alder S. Fernbach and Rotenberg, M. (eds.) Methods in Computational
Physics: Advances in Research and Applications, Vol. 1. Statistical Physics. pp. 135–215.
Academic, New York (1963)
45. Ford, R.L., Nelson, W.R.: The EGS Code System: Computer Programs for the Monte Carlo
Simulation of Electromagnetic Cascade Showers (Version 3). (1978)
46. Nelson, W.R., Hirayama, H., Rogers, D.W.O.: The EGS4 code system. (1985)
47. Salvat, F., Fernández-Varea, J.M.: Overview of physical interaction models for photon and
electron transport used in Monte Carlo codes. Metrologia. 46, S112–S138 (2009). https://
doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/46/2/S08
48. Baró, J., Sempau, J., Salvat, F. et al.: PENELOPE: An algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation
of the penetration and energy loss of electrons and positrons in matter. Nucl. Instruments
Methods Phys. Res. B. 100, 31–46 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(95)00349-5
49. Goudsmit, S., Saunderson, J.L.: Multiple Scattering of Electrons. II. Phys. Rev. 58, 36–42
(1940). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.58.36
50. Molière, G.: Theorie der Streuung schneller geladener Teilchen I. Einzelstreuung am
abgeschirmten Coulomb-Feld. Zeitschrift Naturforsch. Tl. A. 2, 133–+ (1947)
51. Lewis, H.W.: Multiple Scattering in an Infinite Medium. Phys. Rev. 78, 526–529 (1950).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.78.526
52. Bielajew, A.F., Rogers, D.W.O.: Presta: The parameter reduced electron-step transport
algorithm for electron monte carlo transport. Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect.
B Beam Interact. with Mater. Atoms. 18, 165–171, 174–181 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0168-583X(86)80027-1
53. Kawrakow, I., Bielajew, A.F.: On the condensed history technique for electron transport. Nucl.
Instruments Methods Phys. Res. B. 142, 253–280 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168583X(98)00274-2
54. Bielajew, A.F., Salvat, F.: Improved electron transport mechanics in the PENELOPE MonteCarlo model. Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. B. 173, 332–343 (2001). https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0168-583X(00)00363-3
55. Salvat, F., Fernández-Varea, J.M., Sempau, J.: “PENELOPE, A Code System for Monte Carlo
Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport.”, Barcelona (2009)
56. Kawrakow, I.: Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. I.
EGSnrc, the new EGS4 version. Med. Phys. 27, 485–498 (2000)
57. Hirayama, H., Namito, Y., Bielajew, A.F. et al.: The EGS5 code system. (2005)
58. Vilches, M., García-Pareja, S., Guerrero, R. et al.: Monte Carlo simulation of the electron
transport through thin slabs: A comparative study of penelope, geant3, geant4, egsnrc and
mcnpx. Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. with Mater. Atoms.
254, 219–230 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.11.061
59. Incerti, S., Ivanchenko, V., Novak, M.: Recent progress of Geant4 electromagnetic physics
for calorimeter simulation. J. Instrum. 13, C02054–C02054 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/
1748-0221/13/02/C02054
60. Grichine, V.M., Sadilov, S.S.: Geant4 models for X-ray transition radiation. Nucl. Instruments
Methods Phys. Res. A. 522, 122–125 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.01.031
61. Armstrong, T.W., Chandler, K.G.: HETC - a high energy transport code. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 49,
110–111 (1972)
62. Dementyev, A. V, Sobolevsky, N. M.: SHIELD - Universal Monte Carlo Hadron Transport
Code: Scope and Applications. Radiat. Meas. 50, 553–557 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/
S1350-4487(99)00231-0
63. Weisskopf, V.F., Ewing, D.H.: On the Yield of Nuclear Reactions with Heavy Elements. Phys.
Rev. 57, 472–485 (1940). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.57.472