520
J. Apostolakis
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
8 GeV
DATA
FTFP_BERT
-
e
+
e
p
π
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
〈E
rec 〉 [MIP] /
Δ r
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
18 GeV
DATA
FTFP_BERT
-
e
+
e
p
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
80 GeV
DATA
FTFP_BERT
-
e
+
e
p
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
r [mm]
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
QGSP_BERT
QGSP_FTFP_BERT
QBBC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
r [mm]
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
r [mm]
QGSP_BERT
QGSP_FTFP_BERT
QBBC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
r [mm]
r [mm]
QGSP_BERT
QGSP_FTFP_BERT
QBBC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
r [mm]
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
FTFP_BERT
FTF_BIC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
FTFP_BERT
FTF_BIC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
FTFP_BERT
FTF_BIC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
π
π
Fig. 11.10 Mean radial shower profile for pion beams in CALICE iron-scintillator analog
hadronic calorimeter. Pion energies are 8 GeV (left), 18 GeV (center) and 80 GeV (right). Top
row: data (circles) compared with FTFP_BERT physics list of GEANT4 version 9.4. Deposits by
different particles (electrons/positrons, pions and protons) in the simulation are shown. Centre and
lower row: ratios between selected physics lists and data, including QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT
and variants. Reproduced from [120], under Creative Commons License 3.0. (Physics lists using
models withdrawn in subsequent releases, CHIPS and LHEP, are omitted)
The simulation tools are used widely also in determining the effect of radiation
on satellites and spacecraft from planetary radiation environments and the solar and
galactic rays. Specialized tools have been developed for shielding studies [121] as
have general purpose tools to evaluate effects of the space environments [122].
FLUKA is used for shielding and target design of accelerators, activation studies,
and also for cosmic ray studies, due to its ability to simulate up to 20 PeV. A further
application is the assessment of dose to aircrews flying in commercial aircraft.
J. Apostolakis
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
8 GeV
DATA
FTFP_BERT
-
e
+
e
p
π
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
〈E
rec 〉 [MIP] /
Δ r
-4
10
-3
10
-2
10
-1
10
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
18 GeV
DATA
FTFP_BERT
-
e
+
e
p
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
80 GeV
DATA
FTFP_BERT
-
e
+
e
p
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
r [mm]
0 100 200 300 400 500
r [mm]
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
QGSP_BERT
QGSP_FTFP_BERT
QBBC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
r [mm]
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
r [mm]
QGSP_BERT
QGSP_FTFP_BERT
QBBC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
r [mm]
r [mm]
QGSP_BERT
QGSP_FTFP_BERT
QBBC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
r [mm]
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
FTFP_BERT
FTF_BIC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
MC / DATA
0.5
1
1.5
FTFP_BERT
FTF_BIC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
FTFP_BERT
FTF_BIC
CALICE Fe-AHCAL
π
π
Fig. 11.10 Mean radial shower profile for pion beams in CALICE iron-scintillator analog
hadronic calorimeter. Pion energies are 8 GeV (left), 18 GeV (center) and 80 GeV (right). Top
row: data (circles) compared with FTFP_BERT physics list of GEANT4 version 9.4. Deposits by
different particles (electrons/positrons, pions and protons) in the simulation are shown. Centre and
lower row: ratios between selected physics lists and data, including QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT
and variants. Reproduced from [120], under Creative Commons License 3.0. (Physics lists using
models withdrawn in subsequent releases, CHIPS and LHEP, are omitted)
The simulation tools are used widely also in determining the effect of radiation
on satellites and spacecraft from planetary radiation environments and the solar and
galactic rays. Specialized tools have been developed for shielding studies [121] as
have general purpose tools to evaluate effects of the space environments [122].
FLUKA is used for shielding and target design of accelerators, activation studies,
and also for cosmic ray studies, due to its ability to simulate up to 20 PeV. A further
application is the assessment of dose to aircrews flying in commercial aircraft.