378
L. Camilleri
The ¯
ν e would be observed through IBD for which a liquid argon detector as planned
for DUNE would not be suitable. However, a water Cerenkov detector such as T2K
or Hyper-K (especially if containing gadolinium to enhance the neutron capture rate
as described in Sect. 8.3.2) or a large liquid scintillator detector would be ideal. As
the flux out of the cyclotron would be continuous unlike the flux from the long
baseline accelerator, the two sources of events would be distinguishable through
absolute timing. The DAEδALUS collaboration is currently involved in increasing
the current capability of cyclotrons to reach the 10 mA of protons necessary. The
800 MeV cyclotron would be superconducting, accelerate H
+
2 ions and would use
as an injector the 60 MeV cyclotron described earlier in the context of IsoDAR. The
H
+
2 ions would be stripped at extraction.
8.5 Conclusions
Neutrino detectors use the whole range of detector technologies available to high
energy physicists. The smallness of neutrino cross sections necessitates the use of
very large detectors that have ranged up to 50 kilotons when man-made and even
1000 megatons when using sea water or antarctic ice. The exception is the recent
observation of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, a much larger cross section
process, which allows the detection of neutrinos with smaller, albeit complex,
detectors. Future generations of neutrino detectors to be used in conjunction with
Very Long Base Line beams will address the oustanding questions in neutrino
oscillation physics, namely the determination of the mass hierarchy and of CP
violation in the neutrino sector as well as the determination of the possible existence
of sterile neutrinos. In addition neutrinos are being used as probes. Ultra high energy
(PeV) neutrinos originating in regions of space undergoing very violent processes
are now beginning to be detected thus providing a new tool to study these processes.
At the other end of the scale, neutrinos of a few MeV allow us to study the Earth
and monitor reactors. These issues will require a whole range of detector sizes, up
to the megatons, while at the same time requiring the precise measurements of the
energies of electrons and photons and the identification of the secondary vertices of
charmed particles and τ leptons. These detailed studies dictate the use of varied and
complex detectors, thus ensuring that neutrino experiments will continue to use the
very latest developments in detector technology.
References
1. http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/pauli/neutrino_e.html
2. Reines F et al 1953 Phys. Rev. 92 830
3. Danby G et al 1962 Phys. Rev. Lett. 9 36
4. Kodama K et al 2001 Phys. Lett. B504 218
L. Camilleri
The ¯
ν e would be observed through IBD for which a liquid argon detector as planned
for DUNE would not be suitable. However, a water Cerenkov detector such as T2K
or Hyper-K (especially if containing gadolinium to enhance the neutron capture rate
as described in Sect. 8.3.2) or a large liquid scintillator detector would be ideal. As
the flux out of the cyclotron would be continuous unlike the flux from the long
baseline accelerator, the two sources of events would be distinguishable through
absolute timing. The DAEδALUS collaboration is currently involved in increasing
the current capability of cyclotrons to reach the 10 mA of protons necessary. The
800 MeV cyclotron would be superconducting, accelerate H
+
2 ions and would use
as an injector the 60 MeV cyclotron described earlier in the context of IsoDAR. The
H
+
2 ions would be stripped at extraction.
8.5 Conclusions
Neutrino detectors use the whole range of detector technologies available to high
energy physicists. The smallness of neutrino cross sections necessitates the use of
very large detectors that have ranged up to 50 kilotons when man-made and even
1000 megatons when using sea water or antarctic ice. The exception is the recent
observation of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering, a much larger cross section
process, which allows the detection of neutrinos with smaller, albeit complex,
detectors. Future generations of neutrino detectors to be used in conjunction with
Very Long Base Line beams will address the oustanding questions in neutrino
oscillation physics, namely the determination of the mass hierarchy and of CP
violation in the neutrino sector as well as the determination of the possible existence
of sterile neutrinos. In addition neutrinos are being used as probes. Ultra high energy
(PeV) neutrinos originating in regions of space undergoing very violent processes
are now beginning to be detected thus providing a new tool to study these processes.
At the other end of the scale, neutrinos of a few MeV allow us to study the Earth
and monitor reactors. These issues will require a whole range of detector sizes, up
to the megatons, while at the same time requiring the precise measurements of the
energies of electrons and photons and the identification of the secondary vertices of
charmed particles and τ leptons. These detailed studies dictate the use of varied and
complex detectors, thus ensuring that neutrino experiments will continue to use the
very latest developments in detector technology.
References
1. http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/pauli/neutrino_e.html
2. Reines F et al 1953 Phys. Rev. 92 830
3. Danby G et al 1962 Phys. Rev. Lett. 9 36
4. Kodama K et al 2001 Phys. Lett. B504 218