Top Med Chem (2020) 34: 55–80
DOI: 10.1007/7355_2019_85
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Published online: 28 January 2020
Inorganic Fluorescent Nanomaterials
Taeho Kim and Jesse V. Jokerst
Contents
1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2 Quantum Dots . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 56
3 Anti-Stokes Shift Luminescent Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4 Carbon Dots, Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, and Au Nanoclusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5 Nano-diamond and Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6 Dye-Doped Inorganic Nanoparticles (Calcium Phosphate, Silica) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Abstract Optical imaging is a noninvasive imaging technology to visualize the
specific biological processes by detecting the emissive photons under external
energy excitation. In particular, inorganic nanomaterials have attracted great attention as exogenous fluorescent probes for optical imaging due to their superiority in
imaging sensitivity, systemic circulation, target specificity, and versatility in chemical design for theranostic purposes. This book chapter comprehensively summarizes
the recent advances in inorganic fluorescent nanomaterials, including quantum
dots, upconversion, metal nanoclusters, and carbon-based and silicon-based
nanomaterials. It will be reviewed in detail the fluorescence mechanism of the
T. Kim (*)
Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI, USA
e-mail: kimtae47@msu.edu
J. V. Jokerst (*)
Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Materials Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
e-mail: jjokerst@ucsd.edu
DOI: 10.1007/7355_2019_85
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Published online: 28 January 2020
Inorganic Fluorescent Nanomaterials
Taeho Kim and Jesse V. Jokerst
Contents
1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
2 Quantum Dots . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 56
3 Anti-Stokes Shift Luminescent Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4 Carbon Dots, Porous Silicon Nanoparticles, and Au Nanoclusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5 Nano-diamond and Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6 Dye-Doped Inorganic Nanoparticles (Calcium Phosphate, Silica) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
7 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Abstract Optical imaging is a noninvasive imaging technology to visualize the
specific biological processes by detecting the emissive photons under external
energy excitation. In particular, inorganic nanomaterials have attracted great attention as exogenous fluorescent probes for optical imaging due to their superiority in
imaging sensitivity, systemic circulation, target specificity, and versatility in chemical design for theranostic purposes. This book chapter comprehensively summarizes
the recent advances in inorganic fluorescent nanomaterials, including quantum
dots, upconversion, metal nanoclusters, and carbon-based and silicon-based
nanomaterials. It will be reviewed in detail the fluorescence mechanism of the
T. Kim (*)
Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, MI, USA
e-mail: kimtae47@msu.edu
J. V. Jokerst (*)
Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Materials Science Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
e-mail: jjokerst@ucsd.edu