the synthesis of SLNs general ingredients are required, and these include lipids that
are solid at room and physiological temperatures, surfactant(s)/emulsifier(s), and
water. The SLN may be either semicrystalline or crystalline, solid lipid spherical
nanostructure substances, which are stabilized by surfactants. The lipid includes
triglycerides, partial glycerides, fatty acids, steroids, and waxes. The choice of
emulsifiers or surfactants needed to stabilize the aqueous lipid dispersion depends
on the type of lipid utilized for the synthesis of SLN.
11.2.5 Porous Inorganic Nanomaterials
In recent years, the synthesis of inorganic porous nanomaterials with interesting
hierarchical morphologies has attracted much attention because of their potential
application in a wide range of industrial and biological pursuits. When nanotechnology was first introduced to the pesticide industry, research focused on producing
nanosized pesticide formulations through coatings with biodegradable polymers
(Liu et al. 2006). However, these polymer-coated nanopesticides suffer from various
limitations such as poor thermal and chemical stability, rapid elimination by the
plant enzyme system, and degradation of some polymers, resulting in the formation
of acidic monomers and decreased pH value within the polymer matrix. Currently,
their utilization is increasing gradually due to a number of available sources, easy to
modify surfaces, and easier synthesis techniques, such as the self-assembly of
amphiphilic copolymers. In comparison to polymeric nanoencapsulated materials
(organic nanomaterials), inorganic nanoencapsulation materials offer a nontoxic,
biocompatible, and stable alternative and have been used for controlled-release
applications.
11.3 Conclusion
Nanopesticides have advantage over conventional pesticides as their high solubility
and high efficacy and their low rate of degradation in the environment. This reduces
environmental pollution as well the labor of the farmer. Nanotechnology has the
ability to change the properties due to at nanoscale and this increases the potential
interest of international organizations and researchers to develop potential products
for agricultural management. Nanopesticides are useful in modern agriculture
because they encompass the broad range of delivery systems, which suits the need
of farmer.
Nanotechnology is used in various fields of science such as chemists, physicists,
biologists, medical doctors, and engineers. But in agriculture, nanopesticides and
their development is likely to facilitate and frame the next stage of development
precision farming techniques. This decreases the conventional pesticide use for the
crop production in the agriculture.
250
A. Kaur
are solid at room and physiological temperatures, surfactant(s)/emulsifier(s), and
water. The SLN may be either semicrystalline or crystalline, solid lipid spherical
nanostructure substances, which are stabilized by surfactants. The lipid includes
triglycerides, partial glycerides, fatty acids, steroids, and waxes. The choice of
emulsifiers or surfactants needed to stabilize the aqueous lipid dispersion depends
on the type of lipid utilized for the synthesis of SLN.
11.2.5 Porous Inorganic Nanomaterials
In recent years, the synthesis of inorganic porous nanomaterials with interesting
hierarchical morphologies has attracted much attention because of their potential
application in a wide range of industrial and biological pursuits. When nanotechnology was first introduced to the pesticide industry, research focused on producing
nanosized pesticide formulations through coatings with biodegradable polymers
(Liu et al. 2006). However, these polymer-coated nanopesticides suffer from various
limitations such as poor thermal and chemical stability, rapid elimination by the
plant enzyme system, and degradation of some polymers, resulting in the formation
of acidic monomers and decreased pH value within the polymer matrix. Currently,
their utilization is increasing gradually due to a number of available sources, easy to
modify surfaces, and easier synthesis techniques, such as the self-assembly of
amphiphilic copolymers. In comparison to polymeric nanoencapsulated materials
(organic nanomaterials), inorganic nanoencapsulation materials offer a nontoxic,
biocompatible, and stable alternative and have been used for controlled-release
applications.
11.3 Conclusion
Nanopesticides have advantage over conventional pesticides as their high solubility
and high efficacy and their low rate of degradation in the environment. This reduces
environmental pollution as well the labor of the farmer. Nanotechnology has the
ability to change the properties due to at nanoscale and this increases the potential
interest of international organizations and researchers to develop potential products
for agricultural management. Nanopesticides are useful in modern agriculture
because they encompass the broad range of delivery systems, which suits the need
of farmer.
Nanotechnology is used in various fields of science such as chemists, physicists,
biologists, medical doctors, and engineers. But in agriculture, nanopesticides and
their development is likely to facilitate and frame the next stage of development
precision farming techniques. This decreases the conventional pesticide use for the
crop production in the agriculture.
250
A. Kaur