(Bhargava 2016) employed in industries. The principle of operation is injection of
water into waste gas stream. The droplets of water trap the particulates form waste
gas stream and it is collected in a sump, after that the treated air is exhausted. Apart
from this, it is also advisable to employ strict government policies regarding
domestic waste burning in societies and dumps which contaminate our local
environment.
1.3.2 Toxicology of Water Pollution and Its Treatment
Water is a key element of not only our body but of almost all the living beings on this
planet. Life without fresh and clean water is not possible. Also, it is very easy to
contaminate water, and if contaminated to an extent it is may lead to uncured
diseases in long run, as same water flows through our bodies. The following
subsections explain in detail the serious implication of water pollution on ecology
of our planet as well as some techniques to control it.
1.3.2.1 Impact of Water Pollution
Water pollution has negative effects on the human beings and also on the environment. Due to untreated sewage, Indians have no access to a proper toilet, children’s
die of diarrhea/day and in other countries too (Owa 2014), when great amount of
toxic materials like pesticides, heavy metals, etc. are released into the streams, lakes
and coastal waters in the ocean. These toxicant gets bioaccumulated and
biomagnified in the aquatic ecosystem and due to this large amount of aquatic
pollutants are consumed by humans (Evans et al. 2018).
Water pollutants also lead to damage to human health carrying infection such as
bacteria and viruses. Plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances
that support the growth of aquatic plant life could be in excess causing algal gloom
and excessive weed growth. This makes water to have odor, taste and sometimes
color. Eventually, the ecological balance of a water body is altered.
1.3.2.2 Remediations/Treatment of Water Pollution
In view of the aforementioned effects, nowadays additional interest has been focused
on the growth of more effective, low-cost, robust techniques for the treatment of
wastewater, without further stressing the ecosystem or human health by the treatment itself (Shannon et al. 2008). In recent years, extensive studies have been done
with the aim of finding alternative and economically feasible technologies for water
and wastewater treatment. Various methods like coagulation, dialysis, membrane
process, adsorption, osmosis, foam flotation, photocatalytic degradation and
biological methods have been introduced for the elimination of lethal pollutants
from water and wastewater (Pontius 1990). Although, numerous factors such as
processing efficiency, engineering expertise, energy requirement, economic benefit
and infrastructure have been restricted their applications.
Figure 1.6 depicts a water treatment plant in Agra, note that the complexity of
treatment is still making the process expensive and hindering its mass application.
12
S. Negi et al.
water into waste gas stream. The droplets of water trap the particulates form waste
gas stream and it is collected in a sump, after that the treated air is exhausted. Apart
from this, it is also advisable to employ strict government policies regarding
domestic waste burning in societies and dumps which contaminate our local
environment.
1.3.2 Toxicology of Water Pollution and Its Treatment
Water is a key element of not only our body but of almost all the living beings on this
planet. Life without fresh and clean water is not possible. Also, it is very easy to
contaminate water, and if contaminated to an extent it is may lead to uncured
diseases in long run, as same water flows through our bodies. The following
subsections explain in detail the serious implication of water pollution on ecology
of our planet as well as some techniques to control it.
1.3.2.1 Impact of Water Pollution
Water pollution has negative effects on the human beings and also on the environment. Due to untreated sewage, Indians have no access to a proper toilet, children’s
die of diarrhea/day and in other countries too (Owa 2014), when great amount of
toxic materials like pesticides, heavy metals, etc. are released into the streams, lakes
and coastal waters in the ocean. These toxicant gets bioaccumulated and
biomagnified in the aquatic ecosystem and due to this large amount of aquatic
pollutants are consumed by humans (Evans et al. 2018).
Water pollutants also lead to damage to human health carrying infection such as
bacteria and viruses. Plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and other substances
that support the growth of aquatic plant life could be in excess causing algal gloom
and excessive weed growth. This makes water to have odor, taste and sometimes
color. Eventually, the ecological balance of a water body is altered.
1.3.2.2 Remediations/Treatment of Water Pollution
In view of the aforementioned effects, nowadays additional interest has been focused
on the growth of more effective, low-cost, robust techniques for the treatment of
wastewater, without further stressing the ecosystem or human health by the treatment itself (Shannon et al. 2008). In recent years, extensive studies have been done
with the aim of finding alternative and economically feasible technologies for water
and wastewater treatment. Various methods like coagulation, dialysis, membrane
process, adsorption, osmosis, foam flotation, photocatalytic degradation and
biological methods have been introduced for the elimination of lethal pollutants
from water and wastewater (Pontius 1990). Although, numerous factors such as
processing efficiency, engineering expertise, energy requirement, economic benefit
and infrastructure have been restricted their applications.
Figure 1.6 depicts a water treatment plant in Agra, note that the complexity of
treatment is still making the process expensive and hindering its mass application.
12
S. Negi et al.