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usage, properties, transformation and toxicity—a review. Process Saf Environ 130:238–249
Vikrant V, Giri SB, Raza N, Roy K, Kim KH, Raj BN, Singh RS (2018) Recent advancements in
bioremediation of dye: current status and challenges. Bioresour Technol 253:355–367
Wang Y, Jiang X (2016) Synthesis of cell-penetrated nitrogen-doped carbon dots by hydrothermal
treatment of eggplant sepals. Sci China Chem 59:836–842
Wang D, Zhu L, Mccleese C, Burda C, Chen JF (2016) Fluorescent carbon dots from milk by
microwave cooking. RSC Adv 6:41516–41521
Wang CF, Cheng R, Ji WQ, Ma K, Ling L, Chen S (2018) Recognition of latent fingerprints and
ink-free printing derived from interfacial segregation of carbon dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
10:39205–39213
Wang S, Wu SH, Feng WL, Guo XF, Wang H (2019) Synthesis of non-doped and non-modified
carbon dots with high quantum yield and crystallinity by one-pot hydrothermal method using a
single carbon source and used for ClOÀ detection. Dyes Pigments 164:7–13
Wei J, Qiang L, Ren J, Ren X, Tang F, Meng X (2014a) Fluorescence turn-off detection of
hydrogen peroxide and glucose directly using carbon nanodots as probes. Anal Methods
6:1922–1927
Wei J, Zhang X, Sheng Y, Shen J, Huang P, Guo S (2014b) Dual functional carbon dots derived
from cornflour via a simple one-pot hydrothermal route. Mater Lett 123:107–111
Wei J, Zhang X, Sheng Y, Shen J, Huang P, Guo S, Pan J, Liu B, Feng B (2014c) Simple one step
synthesis of water-soluble fluorescent Carbon dots from wastepaper. New J Chem 38:906–909
Wilkinson EK, Palmberg L, Witasp E, Kupczyk M, Feliu N, Gerde P, Seisenbaeva AG, Fadeel B,
Dahlen ES, Kessler GV (2011) Solution-engineered palladium nanoparticles: model for health
effect studies of automotive particular pollution. ACS Nano 5:5312–5324
Yang X, Zhuo Y, Zhu S, Luo Y, Feng Y, Dou Y (2014) Novel and green synthesis of highfluorescent carbon dots originated from honey for sensing and imaging. Biosens Bioelectron
60:292–298
Yao YY, Gedda G, Girma WM, Yen CL, Ling YC, Chang JY (2017) Magnetofluorescent carbon
dots derived from crab Shell for targeted dual-modality bioimaging and drug delivery. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 9:13887–13899
Yuan M, Zhong R, Gao H, Li W, Yun X, Liu J, Zhao X, Zhao G, Zhang F (2015) One-step, green,
and economic synthesis of water-soluble photoluminescent carbon dots by hydrothermal treatment of wheat straw, and their bio-applications in labeling, imaging, and sensing. Appl Surf Sci
355:1136–1144
Zhang Z, Hao J, Zhang J, Zhang B, Tang J (2012) Protein as the source for synthesizing fluorescent
carbon dots by a one-pot hydrothermal route. RSC Adv 2:8599–8601
Zhang M, Yao Q, Lu C, Li Z, Wang W (2014) Layered double hydroxide–carbon dot composite:
high-performance adsorbent for removal of anionic organic dye. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
6:20225–20233
Zhang Z, Sun W, Wu P (2015) Highly photoluminescent carbon dots derived from egg white: facile
and green synthesis, photoluminescence properties, and multiple applications. ACS Sustain
Chem Eng 3:1412–1418
Zhang J, Cheng FF, Li J, Zhu JJ, Lu Y (2016) Fluorescent nanoprobes for sensing and imaging of
metal ions: recent advances and future perspectives. Nano Today 11:309–329
Zhang J, Lu X, Tang D, Wu S, Hou X, Liu J, Wu P (2018a) Phosphorescent carbon dots for highly
efficient oxygen photosensitization and as photo-oxidative nanozymes. ACS Appl Mater
Interfaces 10:40808–40814
Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang J, Jia J, Zhao D, Fan Y (2018b) Phenanthroline-derivative functionalized
carbon dots for highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu
2+ and S
2À and imaging inside live
cells. Nanomaterials 8:1071–1082
Zhao H, Liu Y, Lindley S, Meng F, Niu M (2020) Change, mechanism, and response of pollutant
discharge pattern resulting from manufacturing industrial transfer: a case study of the
pan-Yangtze River Delta, China. J Clean Prod 244:118587–118592
190
S. Chaudhary and P. Chauhan
usage, properties, transformation and toxicity—a review. Process Saf Environ 130:238–249
Vikrant V, Giri SB, Raza N, Roy K, Kim KH, Raj BN, Singh RS (2018) Recent advancements in
bioremediation of dye: current status and challenges. Bioresour Technol 253:355–367
Wang Y, Jiang X (2016) Synthesis of cell-penetrated nitrogen-doped carbon dots by hydrothermal
treatment of eggplant sepals. Sci China Chem 59:836–842
Wang D, Zhu L, Mccleese C, Burda C, Chen JF (2016) Fluorescent carbon dots from milk by
microwave cooking. RSC Adv 6:41516–41521
Wang CF, Cheng R, Ji WQ, Ma K, Ling L, Chen S (2018) Recognition of latent fingerprints and
ink-free printing derived from interfacial segregation of carbon dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
10:39205–39213
Wang S, Wu SH, Feng WL, Guo XF, Wang H (2019) Synthesis of non-doped and non-modified
carbon dots with high quantum yield and crystallinity by one-pot hydrothermal method using a
single carbon source and used for ClOÀ detection. Dyes Pigments 164:7–13
Wei J, Qiang L, Ren J, Ren X, Tang F, Meng X (2014a) Fluorescence turn-off detection of
hydrogen peroxide and glucose directly using carbon nanodots as probes. Anal Methods
6:1922–1927
Wei J, Zhang X, Sheng Y, Shen J, Huang P, Guo S (2014b) Dual functional carbon dots derived
from cornflour via a simple one-pot hydrothermal route. Mater Lett 123:107–111
Wei J, Zhang X, Sheng Y, Shen J, Huang P, Guo S, Pan J, Liu B, Feng B (2014c) Simple one step
synthesis of water-soluble fluorescent Carbon dots from wastepaper. New J Chem 38:906–909
Wilkinson EK, Palmberg L, Witasp E, Kupczyk M, Feliu N, Gerde P, Seisenbaeva AG, Fadeel B,
Dahlen ES, Kessler GV (2011) Solution-engineered palladium nanoparticles: model for health
effect studies of automotive particular pollution. ACS Nano 5:5312–5324
Yang X, Zhuo Y, Zhu S, Luo Y, Feng Y, Dou Y (2014) Novel and green synthesis of highfluorescent carbon dots originated from honey for sensing and imaging. Biosens Bioelectron
60:292–298
Yao YY, Gedda G, Girma WM, Yen CL, Ling YC, Chang JY (2017) Magnetofluorescent carbon
dots derived from crab Shell for targeted dual-modality bioimaging and drug delivery. ACS
Appl Mater Interfaces 9:13887–13899
Yuan M, Zhong R, Gao H, Li W, Yun X, Liu J, Zhao X, Zhao G, Zhang F (2015) One-step, green,
and economic synthesis of water-soluble photoluminescent carbon dots by hydrothermal treatment of wheat straw, and their bio-applications in labeling, imaging, and sensing. Appl Surf Sci
355:1136–1144
Zhang Z, Hao J, Zhang J, Zhang B, Tang J (2012) Protein as the source for synthesizing fluorescent
carbon dots by a one-pot hydrothermal route. RSC Adv 2:8599–8601
Zhang M, Yao Q, Lu C, Li Z, Wang W (2014) Layered double hydroxide–carbon dot composite:
high-performance adsorbent for removal of anionic organic dye. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
6:20225–20233
Zhang Z, Sun W, Wu P (2015) Highly photoluminescent carbon dots derived from egg white: facile
and green synthesis, photoluminescence properties, and multiple applications. ACS Sustain
Chem Eng 3:1412–1418
Zhang J, Cheng FF, Li J, Zhu JJ, Lu Y (2016) Fluorescent nanoprobes for sensing and imaging of
metal ions: recent advances and future perspectives. Nano Today 11:309–329
Zhang J, Lu X, Tang D, Wu S, Hou X, Liu J, Wu P (2018a) Phosphorescent carbon dots for highly
efficient oxygen photosensitization and as photo-oxidative nanozymes. ACS Appl Mater
Interfaces 10:40808–40814
Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang J, Jia J, Zhao D, Fan Y (2018b) Phenanthroline-derivative functionalized
carbon dots for highly selective and sensitive detection of Cu
2+ and S
2À and imaging inside live
cells. Nanomaterials 8:1071–1082
Zhao H, Liu Y, Lindley S, Meng F, Niu M (2020) Change, mechanism, and response of pollutant
discharge pattern resulting from manufacturing industrial transfer: a case study of the
pan-Yangtze River Delta, China. J Clean Prod 244:118587–118592
190
S. Chaudhary and P. Chauhan