6 Gas Chromatography Columns Using Ionic Liquids …
157
7. Huang K, Han X, Zhang X, Armstrong DW (2007) PEG-linked geminal dicationic ionic
liquids as selective, high-stability gas chromatographic stationary phases. Anal Bioanal Chem
389:2265–2275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1625-0
8. Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW (2008) Characterization of phosphonium ionic liquids through
a linear solvation energy relationship and their use as GLC stationary phases. Anal Bioanal
Chem 390:1605–1617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-1877-3
9. Payagala T, Zhang Y, Wanigasekara E, Huang K, Breitbach ZS, Sharma PS, Sidisky LM,
Armstrong DW (2008) Trigonal tricationic ionic liquids: a generation of gas chromatographic
stationary phases. Anal Chem 81:160–173. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac8016949
10. Barber DW, Phillips CSG, Tusa GF, Verdin A (1959) The chromatography of gases and
vapours. Part VI. Use of the stearates of bivalent manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and
zinc as column liquids in gas chromatography. J Chem Soc 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1039/
JR9590000018
11. Pacholec F, Butler HT, Poole CF (1982) Molten organic salt phase for gas–liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 54:1938–1941. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00249a006
12. Pacholec F, Poole C (1983) Stationary phase properties of the organic molten salt ethylpyridinium bromide in gas chromatography. Chromatographia 17:370–374. https://doi.org/10.
1007/BF02262375
13. Pomaville RM, Poole SK, Davis LJ, Poole CF (1988) Solute—solvent interactions in tetra-nbutylphosphonium salts studied by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 438:1–14. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90227-9
14. Gordon JE, Selwyn JE, Thorne RL (1966) Molten quaternary ammonium salts as stationary
liquid phases for gas–liquid partition chromatography. J Org Chem 31:1925–1930. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jo01344a059
15. Poole CF, Butler HT, Coddens ME, Dhanesar SC, Pacholec F (1984) Survey of organic molten
salt phases for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 289:299–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0021-9673(00)95096-9
16. Anderson JL, Ding J, Welton T, Armstrong DW (2002) Characterizing ionic liquids on the
basis of multiple solvation interactions. J Am Chem Soc 124:14247–14254. https://doi.org/
10.1021/ja028156h
17. Anderson JL, Ding R, Ellern A, Armstrong DW (2005) Structure and properties of high
stability geminal dicationic ionic liquids. J Am Chem Soc 127:593–604. https://doi.org/10.
1021/ja046521u
18. Patil RA, Talebi M, Sidisky LM, Armstrong DW (2017) Examination of selectivities of
thermally stable geminal dicationic ionic liquids by structural modification. Chromatographia
80:1563–1574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-017-3372-5
19. Patil RA, Talebi M, Sidisky LM, Berthod A, Armstrong DW (2018) Gas chromatography
selectivity of new phosphonium-based dicationic ionic liquid stationary phases. J Sep Sci
41:4142–4148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201800695
20. Patil RA, Talebi M, Xu C, Bhawal SS, Armstrong DW (2016) Synthesis of thermally stable
geminal dicationic ionic liquids and related ionic compounds: an examination of physicochemical properties by structural modification. Chem Mater 28:4315–4323. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01247
21. Talebi M, Patil RA, Armstrong DW (2018) Physicochemical properties of branched-chain
dicationic ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 256:247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.016
22. Sun P, Armstrong DW (2010) Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 661:1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.007
23. Talebi M, Patil RA, Sidisky LM, Berthod A, Armstrong DW (2018) Variation of anionic
moieties of dicationic ionic liquid GC stationary phases: effect on stability and selectivity.
Anal Chim Acta 1042:155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.047
24. Frink LA, Armstrong DW (2016) Determination of trace water content in petroleum
and petroleum products. Anal Chem 88:8194–8201. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.
6b02006
157
7. Huang K, Han X, Zhang X, Armstrong DW (2007) PEG-linked geminal dicationic ionic
liquids as selective, high-stability gas chromatographic stationary phases. Anal Bioanal Chem
389:2265–2275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1625-0
8. Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW (2008) Characterization of phosphonium ionic liquids through
a linear solvation energy relationship and their use as GLC stationary phases. Anal Bioanal
Chem 390:1605–1617. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-1877-3
9. Payagala T, Zhang Y, Wanigasekara E, Huang K, Breitbach ZS, Sharma PS, Sidisky LM,
Armstrong DW (2008) Trigonal tricationic ionic liquids: a generation of gas chromatographic
stationary phases. Anal Chem 81:160–173. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac8016949
10. Barber DW, Phillips CSG, Tusa GF, Verdin A (1959) The chromatography of gases and
vapours. Part VI. Use of the stearates of bivalent manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and
zinc as column liquids in gas chromatography. J Chem Soc 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1039/
JR9590000018
11. Pacholec F, Butler HT, Poole CF (1982) Molten organic salt phase for gas–liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 54:1938–1941. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00249a006
12. Pacholec F, Poole C (1983) Stationary phase properties of the organic molten salt ethylpyridinium bromide in gas chromatography. Chromatographia 17:370–374. https://doi.org/10.
1007/BF02262375
13. Pomaville RM, Poole SK, Davis LJ, Poole CF (1988) Solute—solvent interactions in tetra-nbutylphosphonium salts studied by gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 438:1–14. https://
doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)90227-9
14. Gordon JE, Selwyn JE, Thorne RL (1966) Molten quaternary ammonium salts as stationary
liquid phases for gas–liquid partition chromatography. J Org Chem 31:1925–1930. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jo01344a059
15. Poole CF, Butler HT, Coddens ME, Dhanesar SC, Pacholec F (1984) Survey of organic molten
salt phases for gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 289:299–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0021-9673(00)95096-9
16. Anderson JL, Ding J, Welton T, Armstrong DW (2002) Characterizing ionic liquids on the
basis of multiple solvation interactions. J Am Chem Soc 124:14247–14254. https://doi.org/
10.1021/ja028156h
17. Anderson JL, Ding R, Ellern A, Armstrong DW (2005) Structure and properties of high
stability geminal dicationic ionic liquids. J Am Chem Soc 127:593–604. https://doi.org/10.
1021/ja046521u
18. Patil RA, Talebi M, Sidisky LM, Armstrong DW (2017) Examination of selectivities of
thermally stable geminal dicationic ionic liquids by structural modification. Chromatographia
80:1563–1574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-017-3372-5
19. Patil RA, Talebi M, Sidisky LM, Berthod A, Armstrong DW (2018) Gas chromatography
selectivity of new phosphonium-based dicationic ionic liquid stationary phases. J Sep Sci
41:4142–4148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201800695
20. Patil RA, Talebi M, Xu C, Bhawal SS, Armstrong DW (2016) Synthesis of thermally stable
geminal dicationic ionic liquids and related ionic compounds: an examination of physicochemical properties by structural modification. Chem Mater 28:4315–4323. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b01247
21. Talebi M, Patil RA, Armstrong DW (2018) Physicochemical properties of branched-chain
dicationic ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 256:247–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.016
22. Sun P, Armstrong DW (2010) Ionic liquids in analytical chemistry. Anal Chim Acta 661:1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.12.007
23. Talebi M, Patil RA, Sidisky LM, Berthod A, Armstrong DW (2018) Variation of anionic
moieties of dicationic ionic liquid GC stationary phases: effect on stability and selectivity.
Anal Chim Acta 1042:155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.047
24. Frink LA, Armstrong DW (2016) Determination of trace water content in petroleum
and petroleum products. Anal Chem 88:8194–8201. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.
6b02006