96
A. R. Abouelela et al.
Fig. 5.3 Fluorescence images of switchgrass treated with [C 2 C 1 im][Ace] that shows the wall
a before treatment, b 20 min pretreatment, c 50 min pretreatment, and d 120 min pretreatment
where complete breakdown of cell walls occurred. Ref [27]
basicity (β > 0.7) [71]. A comprehensive review on using ILs for biomass dissolution
was recently published by Rosatella and Afonso [81].
5.3.3 Biomass Fractionation
The first patent using ionic liquids to selectively extract lignin from the biomass
matrix was published by MacFarlane et al. in 2007 [82]. They indicated that ILs containing an organic or inorganic cation along with an organic acid-based anion (mainly
sulfonate) can fractionate lignocellulosic material, where lignin is solubilized in the
A. R. Abouelela et al.
Fig. 5.3 Fluorescence images of switchgrass treated with [C 2 C 1 im][Ace] that shows the wall
a before treatment, b 20 min pretreatment, c 50 min pretreatment, and d 120 min pretreatment
where complete breakdown of cell walls occurred. Ref [27]
basicity (β > 0.7) [71]. A comprehensive review on using ILs for biomass dissolution
was recently published by Rosatella and Afonso [81].
5.3.3 Biomass Fractionation
The first patent using ionic liquids to selectively extract lignin from the biomass
matrix was published by MacFarlane et al. in 2007 [82]. They indicated that ILs containing an organic or inorganic cation along with an organic acid-based anion (mainly
sulfonate) can fractionate lignocellulosic material, where lignin is solubilized in the