as pre-monsoon rainfall, on the other hand, the
increasing trend in monsoon and post-monsoon
season over BHB. Rainfall during winter seasons
showed a decreasing trend and the changing
rainfall trends during monsoon months is a significant concern for rainfed agriculture.
In Chap. 14, Selvakumar and Chandrashekar
have focused on the coastal aquifer and impact of
mining in southern Tamil Nadu, India. The
inland Sand dunes area is the area with no active
mining but receiving the impact of mining
activity. Hydrological, geochemical and
groundwater table characteristics of the shallow
coastal aquifer systems, in the mining and nonmining areas, have been investigated to identify
the salinization process. The NaCl ratio, correlation matrix and ionic relationship between
major ions show a marked increase in salinization in the active mining area. Chapter 15 on
‘Flood simulation modeling and disaster risk
reduction of West Tripura district, Tripura,
North-East India’ has been authored by Bhowmick and Das. Both the authors have focused on
the impact of the flood, which covers about 40%
area and 41% population of the district, including
Agartala (the capital of Tripura). They have
analyzed flood risk and its reduction modeling
done by using flood simulation model for 50 and
100 years return period with 46 years’ water
level of the HaoraRiver. It is indicating 11 meters
above the mean sea level as the highest water
level and 8–11 meters above mean sea level for
the LoharNala.
Chapter 16 of the book deals with Remote
Sensing and GIS Based Morphometric Analysis
of Spiti River Basin by Arif Husain and Pankaj
Kumar. Three different basins have been delineated by using hydrological tool given in the
ArcGIS 10.1. They are named as Spiti, Tsarap
Chu and Parechu basins with an area 5419 km
2 ,
781 km
2 and 651 km
2 , respectively. The morphometric parameters of all the three sub-basins
have been calculated. ArcGIS 10.1 software was
used for delineation and computation of drainage
parameters and also for generating map layout.
Morphometric analysis of the study area of all
three sub-basins represents sub-dendritic to dendritic drainage pattern with moderate to very fine
drainage texture. The bifurcation ratio of all three
basins indicates normal basin category and the
presence of low drainage density suggesting that
region has highly permeable sub-soil.
Chapter 17 of the book is contributed by
Sahila Salahuddin on ‘Demarcation of hyper arid
land in the Indian Desert: An Environmental
Analysis’ concluded that most parts of the Indian
Desert are admittedly mild but there are small
remote patches, which qualify themselves to be
extreme desert. Central Arid Zone Research
Institute delineated the semi-arid and arid lands
in the Indian Desert. Semi-arid lands depicted a
greater half of the desert and arid lands comprised lesser half of the Indian Desert. However,
a micro-level analysis of the western frontier of
the Indian Desert has revealed a narrow strip of
hyper arid conditions in the Indian Desert adjacent to Cholistan Desert in Pakistan. The enquiry
reveals meteorological, hydrographic and botanic
evidences to this effect. The hyper arid conditions would become even more intense and further challenging in the wake of global and
regional climate change.
(Chapter 18) Volchak et al. have described the
prediction of the flood evolution is a complicated
task, which makes it necessary to take into
account a lot of factors. Particularly, long spring
flood is typical for water regime of some rivers,
having nourishment of a mixed type with prevailing snow one. Snow storage at the beginning
of the active melting period is the main source of
the maximal discharges causing material and
social damage. Besides the amount of snow,
weather also makes substantial influence on the
spring flood formation. In the last, Chap. 19
presents the concluding remarks of the book by
Bindhy Wasini Pandey and Subhash Anand.
The aforesaid chapters of the present book
will look into the various issues related to environment in detail. The papers also suggest solutions for the rational utilization of natural
resources in different parts of the world. Life
sustains on the foundation of natural resources
and water is one of the essential natural resources. Potentiality of becoming water as critically
scarce resource in the coming years is increasing
continuously due to various factors as discussed
2 Sustainable Development Goal Series …
9
increasing trend in monsoon and post-monsoon
season over BHB. Rainfall during winter seasons
showed a decreasing trend and the changing
rainfall trends during monsoon months is a significant concern for rainfed agriculture.
In Chap. 14, Selvakumar and Chandrashekar
have focused on the coastal aquifer and impact of
mining in southern Tamil Nadu, India. The
inland Sand dunes area is the area with no active
mining but receiving the impact of mining
activity. Hydrological, geochemical and
groundwater table characteristics of the shallow
coastal aquifer systems, in the mining and nonmining areas, have been investigated to identify
the salinization process. The NaCl ratio, correlation matrix and ionic relationship between
major ions show a marked increase in salinization in the active mining area. Chapter 15 on
‘Flood simulation modeling and disaster risk
reduction of West Tripura district, Tripura,
North-East India’ has been authored by Bhowmick and Das. Both the authors have focused on
the impact of the flood, which covers about 40%
area and 41% population of the district, including
Agartala (the capital of Tripura). They have
analyzed flood risk and its reduction modeling
done by using flood simulation model for 50 and
100 years return period with 46 years’ water
level of the HaoraRiver. It is indicating 11 meters
above the mean sea level as the highest water
level and 8–11 meters above mean sea level for
the LoharNala.
Chapter 16 of the book deals with Remote
Sensing and GIS Based Morphometric Analysis
of Spiti River Basin by Arif Husain and Pankaj
Kumar. Three different basins have been delineated by using hydrological tool given in the
ArcGIS 10.1. They are named as Spiti, Tsarap
Chu and Parechu basins with an area 5419 km
2 ,
781 km
2 and 651 km
2 , respectively. The morphometric parameters of all the three sub-basins
have been calculated. ArcGIS 10.1 software was
used for delineation and computation of drainage
parameters and also for generating map layout.
Morphometric analysis of the study area of all
three sub-basins represents sub-dendritic to dendritic drainage pattern with moderate to very fine
drainage texture. The bifurcation ratio of all three
basins indicates normal basin category and the
presence of low drainage density suggesting that
region has highly permeable sub-soil.
Chapter 17 of the book is contributed by
Sahila Salahuddin on ‘Demarcation of hyper arid
land in the Indian Desert: An Environmental
Analysis’ concluded that most parts of the Indian
Desert are admittedly mild but there are small
remote patches, which qualify themselves to be
extreme desert. Central Arid Zone Research
Institute delineated the semi-arid and arid lands
in the Indian Desert. Semi-arid lands depicted a
greater half of the desert and arid lands comprised lesser half of the Indian Desert. However,
a micro-level analysis of the western frontier of
the Indian Desert has revealed a narrow strip of
hyper arid conditions in the Indian Desert adjacent to Cholistan Desert in Pakistan. The enquiry
reveals meteorological, hydrographic and botanic
evidences to this effect. The hyper arid conditions would become even more intense and further challenging in the wake of global and
regional climate change.
(Chapter 18) Volchak et al. have described the
prediction of the flood evolution is a complicated
task, which makes it necessary to take into
account a lot of factors. Particularly, long spring
flood is typical for water regime of some rivers,
having nourishment of a mixed type with prevailing snow one. Snow storage at the beginning
of the active melting period is the main source of
the maximal discharges causing material and
social damage. Besides the amount of snow,
weather also makes substantial influence on the
spring flood formation. In the last, Chap. 19
presents the concluding remarks of the book by
Bindhy Wasini Pandey and Subhash Anand.
The aforesaid chapters of the present book
will look into the various issues related to environment in detail. The papers also suggest solutions for the rational utilization of natural
resources in different parts of the world. Life
sustains on the foundation of natural resources
and water is one of the essential natural resources. Potentiality of becoming water as critically
scarce resource in the coming years is increasing
continuously due to various factors as discussed
2 Sustainable Development Goal Series …
9